Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
Of other mythological animals, mention may be made of the
_moan_-bird, a bird of the falcon variety, associated with the sky
and clouds, and possessing rather sinister characteristics (Fig. 46,
_a_). Also of the lightning-animal, sometimes pictured as a dog,
sometimes as a hoofed creature with a snout resembling a pig’s, and
usually shown descending from the sky. When the horse first made its
appearance among the Maya it was associated with this animal, and one
of Cortés’ sick horses which he left among the natives was installed in
a temple and worshipped as such. Unfortunately the poor animal did not
long survive its deification, being unable to adapt itself to a diet of
chickens and flowers, the offerings made to it in all good faith by the
natives.
Like the Aztec, the Maya and cognate tribes believed that more than
one creation had taken place, and we find the tradition of a great
deluge which put an end to the age immediately preceding this. In the
Quiché legend, Hunahpu, Gukumatz and Hurakan are the creating-gods;
“Earth,” said they, and immediately the earth was formed. Then the
animals were created, and various functions were distributed among
them, but the gods were not satisfied, because the animals were
speechless and could not praise them. So man was made from clay, but
he was without intelligence and the gods destroyed him. Then came
the third creation; after consultation with Xpiyakok and Xmukane,
the creators made men from wooden images, but these too were without
intelligence and paid no worship to the divine powers; so the majority
were destroyed by a great flood, while many perished at the hands of
the animals and domestic utensils which revolted against them, the
few survivors becoming monkeys. At this point the Popol Vuh relates
the story of the two heroes Hunahpu (not the Hunahpu mentioned as the
creator) and Xbalanque. They are first introduced as the slayers of a
kind of Titan, Vukub Kakix, and his two sons, Kabrakan and Zipakna.
It is said that the eyes of Vukub Kakix were of silver, his body of
precious metals, and his teeth inlaid with gems, and he became so
haughty that he usurped the power of the sun. The two heroes robbed
the tree, whence he was accustomed to obtain his food, of its fruit,
and when he ascended into the branches, blew at him through a magical
blow-gun, which dealt destruction without ammunition, and he fell
and broke his jaw. The heroes however did not escape scot-free, for
Vukub Kakix tore off Hunahpu’s arm, which he hung up above his hearth
in order to inflict torments upon its former possessor by sympathetic
magic. Hunahpu enlisted the help of two magicians, probably Xpiyakok
and Xmukane in disguise, who, under pretence of curing Vukub Kakix’s
jaw, extracted his teeth, so that his power departed from him and he
died, and the arm was recovered. Zipakna and Kabrakan seem to have
been earthquake deities; the former was the “creator of mountains,”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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