Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
A somewhat similar system prevails to-day among the Lacandons, though
the young man demands his wife in person. If her parents agree, the
couple live as man and wife in the house of her father for a year
on trial. At the end of the year, the couple, their relations and
friends, paint themselves and assume their best ornaments; the bride
presents her husband with a stool and five cacao grains, and receives
from him a skirt and five cacao grains. Their hands are then joined by
the cacique, and a feast follows. The Lacandons are monogamous, and
divorce, probably owing to the system of trial-marriage, is rare.
Among the Quiché also marriage was by purchase, but the bride-price
was a serious matter, and apparently often amounted to a considerable
sum. We are told that the princes grew rich on the gifts which they
received in return for their daughters, but the system brought abuses
with it, and quarrels arose which became so frequent and serious that
the tribe split up into nine “families” and twenty-four “great houses.”
The tendency to matriarchy seen among the Maya is even more evident
among the Kakchiquel, since if the couple belonged to different clans
(chinamitl), the man regarded all the male members of his wife’s clan
as either brothers- or sons-in-law, according to age. This would seem
to imply that the man passed into his wife’s clan rather than she into
his.
Commerce flourished among the later Maya, and there was a good deal of
travelling to and fro in the country. The pilgrimages to celebrated
shrines along recognized routes have already been mentioned, and
also the fact that there was a particular god of travel, Ekchuah.
The Yucatec traded salt, textiles and slaves to Uloa and Tabasco, in
exchange for cacao and stone money; red shells were imported, and also
copper from New Spain. Diaz mentions that the Spaniards found, in a
village in Chiapas, a number of prisoners secured by wooden collars who
had been captured on the road, and he states that some of these were
travellers from Tehuantepec and Soconusco. On the border of Yucatan
and in the hilly region of Alta Vera Paz there were well-defined
trade-routes, and Cortés after crossing the Usumacinta came to a
district, which he calls Acalan, where the inhabitants maintained
trade-intercourse, mainly by boat, with Tabasco, and had trade-outposts
on the Golfo Dulce and the Honduras border. In the earliest times there
must have been much extended intercourse among the tribes, at any rate
pendants of sea-shells constitute one of the most frequent ornaments
seen on the monuments, and the Quiché seem to have sent an expedition
on a long journey to obtain royal _insignia_, as mentioned above.
Much of the trade was performed by direct exchange, but there were
certain forms of currency. Cacao formed the “small change,” and Herrera
states that 200 of the nuts went to a _real_. Red shells and stone
counters are also mentioned as money, as well as copper bells, the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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