FOUNDING OF THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN.--NEW AUDIENCIA--FUENLEAL--MENDOZA.--EARLY ACTS OF THE FIRST VICEROY--COINAGE.--REBELLION IN JALISCO--VICEROY SUPPRESSES IT.--COUNCIL OF THE INDIES ON REPARTIMIENTOS.--INDIAN SERVITUDE.--QUIVARA--EXPEDITIONS OF CORONADO AND ALARCON.--PEST IN 1546--REVOLUTION--COUNCIL OF BISHOPS.--MINES--ZAPOTECS REVOLT--MENDOZA REMOVED TO PERU. ANTONIO DE MENDOZA, COUNT OF TENDILLA, I. VICEROY OF NEW SPAIN. 1530-1551. In the year 1530, the accusations received in Spain against Nuño de Guzman, and the _oidores_ Matinezo and Delgadillo, who at that period ruled in Mexico under royal authority, were not only so frequent, but of so terrible a character, that Charles V., resolved to adopt some means of remedying the evils of his transatlantic subjects. He was about to depart from Spain however, for Flanders, and charged the Empress to adopt the necessary measures for this purpose during his absence. This enlightened personage, perceiving the difficulty of ruling so distant, extended and rich an appendage of the Spanish crown, by inferior officials alone, wisely determined to establish a VICEROYALTY in New Spain. It was a measure which seemed to place the two worlds in more loyal affinity. The vice king, it was supposed, would be the impersonation of sovereignty, the direct representative of the national head, and would always form an independent and truthful channel of information. His position set him, eminently, above the crowd of adventurers who were tempted to the shores of America; and, removable at the royal pleasure, as well as selected from among those Spanish nobles whose fidelity to the crown was unquestionable, there was but little danger that even the most ambitious subject would ever be tempted to alienate from the Emperor the affection and services either of emigrants or natives.