CHAPTER XIII.--Archbishop Zumarraga's destruction of Mexican monuments, writings, documents--Mr. Gallatin's opinion of them--Traditions--two sources of accurate knowledge--Speculations on antiquity--Aztecs--Toltecs--Nahuatlacs--Acolhuans, &c.--Aztecs emigrate from Aztlan--settle in Anahuac--Tables of emigration of the original tribes--Other tribes in the empire, 92 CHAPTER XIV.--Difficulty of estimating the civilization of the Aztecs--Nations in Yucatan--Value of contemporary history--The Aztec monarchy--elective--Royal style in Tenochtitlan-- Montezuma's way of life--Despotic power of the Emperor over life and law--Theft--intemperance--marriage--slavery--war--Military system and hospitals--Coin--Revenues--Aztec mythology--Image of Teoyaomiqui--Teocalli--Two kinds of sacrifice--Why the Aztecs sacrificed their prisoners--Common Sacrifice--Gladitorial Sacrifice--Sacrificial Stone--Aztec Calendar--week, month, year, cycle--Procession of the New Fire--Astronomical Science--Aztec Calendar--Tables, 99 BOOK II. CHAPTER I.--Colonial system--Early grants of power to rulers in Mexico by the Emperor Charles V.--Abuse of it--Council of the Indies--Laws--Royal audiences--Cabildos--Fueros--Relative positions of Spaniards and Creoles--Scheme of Spanish colonial trade--Restrictions on trade--Alcabala--Taxes--Papal Bulls--Bulls de Cruzada--de Defuntos--of Composition--Power of the Church--its property--Inquisition--The acts of the Inquisition-- Repartimientos--Indians--Agriculturists--Miners--Mita--Excuses for maladministration, 127 CHAPTER II.--Founding of the Viceroyalty of New Spain--New Audiencia--Fuenleal--Mendoza--Early acts of the first Viceroy-- Coinage--Rebellion in Jalisco--Viceroy suppresses it--Council of the Indies on Repartimientos--Indian Servitude--Quivara-- Expeditions of Coronado and Alarcon--Pest in 1546--Revolution-- Council of Bishops--Mines--Zapotecs revolt--Mendoza removed to Peru, 139 CHAPTER III.--Velasco endeavors to ameliorate the condition of the Indians--University of Mexico established--Inundation-- Military colonization--Philip II.--Florida--Intrigues against Velasco--Philipine Isles--Death of Velasco--Marques de Falces--Baptism of the grand-children of Cortéz--Conspiracy against the Marques del Valle--his arrest--execution of his friends--Marques de Falces--charges against him--his fall-- Errors of Philip II.--Fall of Muñoz and his return--Vindication of the Viceroy, 148