FIGS. PAGE 1. Riebau’s Shop 3 2. Electromagnetic Rotations (facsimile sketch) 88 3. Apparatus for Rotation (facsimile sketch) 88 4. Faraday’s Ring (facsimile sketch) 108 5. Induction Experiment (facsimile sketch) 111 6. The “New Electrical Machine” (facsimile sketch) 121 7. The Teetotum Apparatus 123 8. The Revolving Copper Cylinder (facsimile sketch) 124 9. Earth Inductor 125 10. A Spark from a Magnet (facsimile sketch) 129 11. How to Cut the Magnetic Lines 133 12. Illustration of the New Terms (facsimile sketch) 145 13. Bundle of Wires (facsimile sketch) 151 14. Apparatus for Investigating Dielectric Capacity 159 15. Block of Heavy-glass (facsimile sketch) 176 16. Action of Magnet on Light (facsimile sketch) 177 17. Arrangements of Magnets (facsimile sketch) 178 18. The Ring Electromagnet (facsimile sketch) 179 19. The Equatorial Position 188 20. Illustration of Lateral Vibrations 195 21. A Lecture Model 239 22. Cottage at Hampton Court 258 MICHAEL FARADAY. CHAPTER I. EARLY LIFE, TRAINING, AND TRAVEL. On the 22nd of September, 1791, was born, at Newington Butts, then an outlying Surrey village, but since long surrounded and swallowed up within the area of Greater London, the boy Michael Faraday. He was the third child of his parents, James and Margaret Faraday, who had but recently migrated to London from the little Yorkshire village of Clapham. Clapham lies under the shadow of Ingleborough, on the western border of the county, midway between Settle and Kirkby Lonsdale. The father, James Faraday, was a working blacksmith; the mother, daughter of a farmer of Mallerstang, the romantic valley which runs past Pendragon Castle to Kirkby Stephen. James Faraday was one of the ten children of a Robert Faraday, who in 1756 had married Elizabeth Dean, the owner of a small homestead known as Clapham Wood Hall, since pulled down. All Robert Faraday’s sons appear to have been brought up to trades, one being a shoemaker, another a grocer, another a farmer, another a flax-worker, and another a shopkeeper. Descendants of some of these still live in the district.