Michael Faraday: Third Edition, with PortraitGladstone, J. H. (John Hall)
Science
Michael Faraday: Third Edition, with Portrait
Gladstone, J. H. (John Hall)
Faraday, Michael, 1791-1867
Many "electric lights" were invented by "practical men," the power
being generally derived from a galvanic battery; and it was discovered
that by making the terminals of the wires of charcoal, the brilliancy
of the spark could be enormously increased. Some of these inventions
were proposed for lighthouses, and so came officially under the notice
of Faraday as scientific adviser to the Trinity House. Thus he was
engaged in 1853 and 1854 with the beautiful electric light of Dr.
Watson, which he examined most carefully, evidently hoping it might be
of service, and at length he wrote an elaborate report pointing out its
advantages, but at the same time the difficulties in the way of its
practical adoption. The Trinity Corporation passed a special vote of
thanks for his report, and hesitated to proceed further in the matter.
But Faraday's own spark was destined to be more successful. In 1853
some large magneto-electric machines were set up in Paris for producing
combustible gas by the decomposition of water. The scheme failed, but
a Mr. F. H. Holmes suggested that these expensive toys might be turned
to account for the production of light. "My propositions," he told
the Royal Commissioners of Lighthouses, "were entirely ridiculed, and
the consequence was, that instead of saying that I thought I could do
it, I promised to do it by a certain day. On that day, with one of
Duboscq's regulators or lamps, I produced the magneto-electric light
for the first time; but as the machines were ill-constructed for the
purpose, and as I had considerable difficulty to make even a temporary
adjustment to produce a fitting current, the light could only be
exhibited for a few minutes at a time." He turned his attention to the
reconstruction of the machines, and after carrying on his experiments
in Belgium, he applied to the Trinity Board in February 1857. Here
was the tiny spark, which Faraday had produced just twenty-five years
before, exalted into a magnificent star, and for Faraday it was
reserved to decide whether this star should shed its brilliance from
the cliffs of Albion. A good piece of optical apparatus, intended for
the Bishop Rock in the Scillies, happened to be at the experimental
station at Blackwall, and with this comparative experiments were made.
We can imagine something of the interest with which Faraday watched
the light from Woolwich, and asked questions of the inventor about
all the details of its working and expense; and we can picture the
alternations of hope and caution as he wrote in his report, "The
light is so intense, so abundant, so concentrated and focal, so free
from under-shadows (caused in the common lamp by the burner), so
free from flickering, that one cannot but desire it should succeed.
But," he adds, "it would require _very careful_ and progressive
introduction--men with peculiar knowledge and skill to attend it; and
the means of instantly substituting one lamp for another in case of
accident.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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