Michael Faraday: Third Edition, with PortraitGladstone, J. H. (John Hall)
Science
Michael Faraday: Third Edition, with Portrait
Gladstone, J. H. (John Hall)
Faraday, Michael, 1791-1867
In lecturing to the young he delighted to show how easily apparatus
might be extemporized. Thus, in order to construct an electrical
machine he once inverted a four-legged stool to serve for the stand,
and took a white glass bottle for the cylinder. A cork was fitted into
the mouth of this bottle, and a bung was fastened with sealing-wax to
the other end: into the cork was inserted a handle for rotating the
bottle, and in the centre of the bung was a wooden pivot on which it
turned; while with some stout wire he made crutches on two of the legs
of the stool for the axles of this glass cylinder to work upon. The
silk rubber he held in his hand. A japanned tin tea-canister resting on
a glass tumbler formed the conductor, and the collector was the head of
a toasting fork. With this apparently rough apparatus he exhibited all
the rudimentary experiments in electricity to a large audience.
Wishing to carry home in good condition a flower that had been given
him, he rolled a piece of writing-paper round a cork, tied it tightly
with string, and filled the little tube with water. He had thus a
perfectly efficient bouquet-holder.
A lady, calling on his wife, happened to mention that a needle had been
once broken into her foot, and she did not know whether it had been all
extracted or not. "Oh!" said Faraday, "I will soon tell you that,"--and
taking a finely suspended magnetic needle, he held it close to her
foot, and it dipped to the concealed iron.
On this subject Schönbein has also some good remarks. "The laboratory
of the Institution is indeed efficiently arranged, though anything but
large and elaborately furnished. And yet something extraordinary has
happened in this room for the extension of the limits of knowledge; and
already more has been done in it than in many other institutions where
the greatest luxury in the supply of apparatus prevails, and where
there is the greatest command of money. But when men work with the
creative genius of a Davy, and the intuitive spirit of investigation
and the wealth of ideas of a Faraday, important and great things must
come to pass, even though the appliances at command should be of so
limited a character. For the experimental investigator of nature, it is
especially desirable that, according to the kind of his researches, he
should have at command such and such appliances, that he should possess
a 'philosophical apparatus,' a laboratory, &c.; but for the purpose
of producing something important, of greatly widening the sphere of
knowledge, it in no way follows that a superfluity of such things
is necessary to him.... He who understands how to put appropriate
questions to Nature, generally knows how to extract the answers by
simple means; and he who wants this capacity will, I fear, obtain no
profitable result, even though all conceivable tools and apparatus may
be ready to his hand."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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