Transcriber’s Notes:— Italic text is denoted _thus_. The spelling, hyphenation, punctuation and accentuation are as the original, except for apparent typographical errors which have been corrected. Further transcriber’s notes can be found at the end of the book. MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES [Illustration: _Frontispiece_ ROCHESTER: GREAT TOWER.] MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES BY A. HAMILTON THOMPSON M.A., F.S.A. Illustrated by 200 Photographs, Drawings, and Plans HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO, AND MELBOURNE 1912 _Printed at_ THE DARIEN PRESS _Edinburgh_ PREFACE Apart from the late Mr G. T. Clark’s _Mediæval Military Architecture_, published in 1884, the greater portion of which is a series of monographs dealing with individual castles, there has been no attempt, until within the last few years, to apply systematic treatment to this branch of science. Recently, however, more than one book has been published upon the general subject of the castles of England. Mr Alfred Harvey has lately given a lucid account of the growth of the castle, with a valuable essay upon English walled towns; and the present year has seen the appearance of a book in which Mrs Armitage has embodied the result of labours of the utmost importance, extending over many years. In addition to works of a general character, a number of separate monographs, indispensable to students, have been published during the last twenty years, in the transactions of various archæological societies. The contributions of Mr W. H. St John Hope to the study of castle architecture take a foremost place among these, with papers such as those by Mr J. Bilson on Gilling castle and by Mr Harold Sands on Bodiam and the Tower of London; and the late Mr Cadwallader Bates’ unfinished _Border Holds of Northumberland_ contains accounts of Warkworth and Bamburgh, as well as of smaller castles and peles, which must take rank among the classics of the subject.