What do we find to-day at these places where William founded his first English castles? At Hastings, on the cliff which divides the old town from the modern watering-place, there are important remains of a later stone castle within lines of earthwork which are, no doubt, William’s. The mount remains at the north-east corner of the enclosure: the later curtain wall has been carried up its side and over it. The present remains of the castle of Winchester are later than William’s day. At Exeter the gatehouse and much of the adjacent masonry of the castle are unquestionably of a very early “Norman” date. In London we have the White tower, probably much extended from William’s early plan, and not completed till his son’s reign. But the stone fortresses of London and Exeter were exceptional. When we come to his northern castles, we find that at Warwick, York, Lincoln, Huntingdon, Cambridge, and Shrewsbury, the plan of the castle consists of a bailey or enclosed space,[46] with a tall mount on the line of its outer defences, and on a side or at an angle of the _enceinte_ remote from the main entrance. At Nottingham the plan of the early castle is not so easy to make out. But, in the other cases, although, at various dates during the middle ages, additions were made in stone, the nucleus of the plan is a collection of earthworks, which takes this form—a _motte_ or mount with a bailey attached. At Lincoln there are two mounts. At York there are two castles, one on either side of the river, but each with its mount. On the mount of the castle north-east of the river is a later stone keep; the mount of the south-western castle has never carried stonework, and its bailey is now almost filled up with modern houses.