Night Combat: Offensive advisable. 1. Where fire superiority is impossible by day. 2. To avoid heavy losses by advance to assaulting position by day. 3. To capture posts or patrols. 4. To surprise for moral effect. Defensive: Obstacles in front of position. Trenches heavily manned and supports drawn close. Shelter: Troops under canvas--in camp. Troops on ground without canvas--bivouac. Troops in huts or villages--cantonment. Tactical considerations are paramount in the selection of camp sites in the theater of operations. Selection of Camp Site: 1. Suitably large to accommodate command. 2. Water supply sufficient and accessible. 3. Good roads to and in camp. 4. Wood and grass forage near at hand. 5. Sandy subsoil for drainage. 6. Hot weather shade--cold protection. To maintain the efficiency of a command, troops must have adequate shelter. Sanitary Considerations Around Camp: Latrines on opposite side of camp from kitchens. Short camps, straddle trenches. Long camps, trenches 2 by 6 by 12 with seats. Have latrines screened. Burn the trenches out daily and keep covered. Wash boxes and paint with tar. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON F.S.R. 1. How are the land forces of the U.S. organized? _Ans_.--The _Mobile Army_ consisting of Regular Army, organized land militia when called to Federal service, drafted army, volunteers and the field artillery and the _Coast Artillery._ Basis of organization is the Division composed of all arms and self-sufficient. Several divisions may be grouped into a field army, to which are attached field army troops. These are organized into a brigade for purpose of supply and administration when necessary through numbers. Coast Artillery is charged with the care and use of land and coast fortifications, including submarine mines and torpedo defenses. 2. What is the object of collecting military information? _Ans_.--To enable the War Department to decide upon the size of army or expedition, the proportions of different arms, the character of clothing, equipment, etc., needed for any operation. Information collected by the Gen. Staff in time of peace should include geography, physical resources, and military strength of the various nations. 3. Define reconnaisance. _Ans_.--Reconnaisance is used to designate the work of troops or individuals when gathering information in the field. It is necessary during combat for the tactical use of troops. It is carried on by: (a) aero squadron; (b) independent cavalry; (c) divisional cavalry; (d) by infantry as reconnoitering patrols. 4. What are some indications of the presence of the enemy? _Ans_.--Clothing or material on roads or in abandoned camps. A thick, low cloud of dust indicates infantry. A high, thin cloud cavalry. A broken cloud artillery or wagon trains. How would you determine from these indications what the number and organization of the enemy might be?