III. A system of Special Schools, either in connection with existing Colleges, or on an independent basis, in which the principles of science shall be taught with special reference to their applications to the Arts of Peace and War. Foremost in this class should stand a National School of Science, organized and conducted on the plan of the Polytechnic School of France, and preparatory to Special Military and Naval Schools. IV. The Appointment to vacancies, in all higher Public Schools, either among teachers or pupils, and in all departments of the Public Service by Open Competitive Examination. HENRY BARNARD. HARTFORD, CONN., 1862. [Errata for (first) Table of Contents: VIII. GREAT BRITAIN. VIII GREAT BRITAIN. ... V. 2. Advanced Class of Artillery at Woolwich. Classs] * * * * * PART I MILITARY SYSTEM AND SCHOOLS IN FRANCE. * * * * * AUTHORITIES. The following account of the SYSTEM OF MILITARY EDUCATION IN FRANCE, except in the case of three or four schools, where credit is given to other authorities, is taken from an English Document entitled “_Report of the Commissioners appointed_ (by the Secretary of War) _to consider the best mode of reorganizing the system of Training Officers for the Scientific Corps: together with an Account of Foreign and other Military Education._” Reference has been had, especially in the Programmes and Courses of Instruction to the original authorities referred to by the Commissioners. I. GENERAL MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF FRANCE. Vauchelle’s Course d’ Administration Militaire, 3 vols. II. THE POLYTECHNIC. 1. Fourcy’s Histoire de l’Ecole Polytechnique. 2. Décret portant l’Organisation, &c. 3. Règlement pour le Service Interieur. 4. Programme de l’Enseignement Interieur. 5. Programme des Connaissances Exigées pour Admission, &c. 6. Rapport de la Commission Mixte, 1850. 7. Répertoire de l’Ecole Polytechnique; by M. Marielle. 8. Calenders from 1833. 9. Pamphlets--by M. le Marquis de Chambray, 1836; by V. D. Bugnot, 1837; by M. Arago, 1853. III. SCHOOL OF APPLICATION AT METZ, AND St. CYR. Décret Impérial, &c., 1854. IV. SCHOOL FOR THE STAFF AT PARIS. Manuel Réglementaire a l’Usage, &c. V. ANNUAIRE DE L’INSTRUCTION PUBLIQUE, 1860. MILITARY SYSTEM AND SCHOOLS OF FRANCE I. MILITARY SYSTEM. The French armies are composed of soldiers levied by yearly conscription for a service of seven years. Substitutes are allowed, but in accordance with a recent alteration, they are selected by the state. Private arrangements are no longer permitted; a fixed sum is paid over to the authorities, and the choice of the substitutes made by them.