Milton, John, 1608-1674; Poets, English -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- Biography
As pictorial description this is all but completely empty. It tells you
only that they stood upright, that they were like their Maker, and that
they were possessed of the virtues that their appearance would lead you
to expect. Their physical delineation is to be accommodated by the
imagination of the reader to this long catalogue of moral
qualities,--nobility, honour, majesty, lordliness, worth, divinity,
glory, brightness, truth, wisdom, sanctitude, severity, and purity. In
the following lines the poet proceeds to distinguish the one figure from
the other, adding a few details with regard to each. The epithets he
chooses are still vague. Adam's forehead is "fair" and "large," his eye
is "sublime," his locks are "hyacinthine," and (a detail that has escaped
the notice of many illustrators of _Paradise Lost_) they fall in clusters
as low as his shoulders. From beginning to end of the description the aim
of the poet is to preserve the right key of large emotion, and the words
that he chooses are chosen chiefly for their emotional value. The
emotions are given; the portraiture is left to be filled in by the
imagination.
Shakespeare commonly works in the reverse way. He does not, like Crabbe,
describe "as if for the police"; he chooses his detail with consummate
skill, but he makes use of it to suggest the emotions. It is impossible
to set his description of persons over against Milton's; for the drama
does not describe persons, it presents them in action; and a description,
where it occurs, is often designed merely to throw light on the character
and feelings of the speaker. "Her voice was ever soft, gentle, and low"
is a description rather of Lear, as he hangs over the dead body of
Cordelia, refusing to believe that she is dead, than of Cordelia herself.
"An excellent thing in woman" is not a doctrine, but a last heartbreaking
movement of defiance, as if to refute any stander-by who dares to think
that there is something amiss, that a voice should not be so low as to be
inaudible.
The contrast of the methods may, therefore, be better noted in the
description of scenes. There is no very close parallel obtainable; but
the two passages compared by Lessing are not wholly dissimilar in theme,
and serve well enough to illustrate the difference of the styles. The
first, taken from the Seventh Book of _Paradise Lost_, tells how the King
of Glory, from the verge of his heavenly domain, beholds the gulf of
Chaos:--
On Heavenly ground they stood, and from the shore
They viewed the vast immeasurable Abyss,
Outrageous as a sea, dark, wasteful, wild,
Up from the bottom turned by furious winds
And surging waves, as mountains to assault
Heaven's highth, and with the centre mix the pole.
The other is the imaginary view from Dover Cliff, described by Edgar in
_King Lear_:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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