Once more, compare the lazar-house in the eleventh book of the Paradise
Lost with the last ward of Malebolge in Dante. Milton avoids the
loathsome details, and takes refuge in indistinct but solemn and
tremendous imagery. Despair hurrying from couch to couch to mock the
wretches with his attendance, Death shaking his dart over them, but, in
spite of supplications, delaying to strike. What says Dante? "There was
such a moan there as there would be if all the sick who, between July
and September, are in the hospitals of Valdichiana, and of the Tuscan
swamps, and of Sardinia, were in one pit together; and such a stench
was issuing forth as is wont to issue from decayed limbs."
We will not take upon ourselves the invidious office of settling
precedency between two such writers. Each in his own department is
incomparable; and each, we may remark, has wisely, or fortunately,
taken a subject adapted to exhibit his peculiar talent to the
greatest advantage. The Divine Comedy is a personal narrative. Dante
is the eye-witness and ear-witness of that which he relates. He is
the very man who has heard the tormented spirits crying out for the
second death, who has read the dusky characters on the portal within
which there is no hope, who has hidden his face from the terrors of
the Gorgon, who has fled from the hooks and the seething pitch of
Barbariccia and Draghignazzo. His own hands have grasped the shaggy
sides of Lucifer. His own feet have climbed the mountain of expiation.
His own brow has been marked by the purifying angel. The reader would
throw aside such a tale in incredulous disgust, unless it were told
with the strongest air of veracity, with a sobriety even in its
horrors, with the greatest precision and multiplicity in its details.
The narrative of Milton in this respect differs from that of Dante,
as the adventures of Amadis differ from those of Gulliver. The author
of Amadis would have made his book ridiculous if he had introduced
those minute particulars which give such a charm to the work of Swift,
the nautical observations, the affected delicacy about names, the
official documents transcribed at full length, and all the unmeaning
gossip and scandal of the court, springing out of nothing, and tending
to nothing. We are not shocked at being told that a man who lived,
nobody knows when, saw many very strange sights, and we can easily
abandon ourselves to the illusion of the romance. But when Lemuel
Gulliver, surgeon, resident at Rotherhithe, tells us of pygmies and
giants, dying islands, and philosophising horses, nothing but such
circumstantial touches could produce for a single moment a deception on
the imagination.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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