We wish to add a few words relative to another subject, on which
the enemies of Milton delight to dwell, his conduct during the
administration of the Protector. That an enthusiastic votary of liberty
should accept office under a military usurper seems, no doubt, at first
sight, extraordinary. But all the circumstances in which the country
was then placed were extraordinary. The ambition of Oliver was of no
vulgar kind. He never seems to have coveted despotic power. He at first
fought sincerely and manfully for the Parliament, and never deserted
it, till it had deserted its duty. If he dissolved it by force, it
was not till he found that the few members who remained after so many
deaths, secessions, and expulsions, were desirous to appropriate to
themselves a power which they held only in trust, and to inflict upon
England the curse of a Venetian oligarchy. But even when thus placed
by violence at the head of affairs, he did not assume unlimited power.
He gave the country a constitution far more perfect than any which had
at that time been known in the world. He reformed the representative
system in a manner which has extorted praise even from Lord Clarendon.
For himself he demanded indeed the first place in the commonwealth; but
with powers scarcely so great as those of a Dutch stadtholder, or an
American president. He gave the Parliament a voice in the appointment
of ministers, and left to it the whole legislative authority, not even
reserving to himself a veto on its enactments; and he did not require
that the chief magistracy should be hereditary in his family. Thus far,
we think, if the circumstances of the time and the opportunities which
he had of aggrandising himself be fairly considered, he will not lose
by comparison with Washington or Bolivar. Had his moderation been met
with corresponding moderation, there is no reason to think that he
would have overstepped the line which he had traced for himself. But
when he found that his parliaments questioned the authority under which
they met, and that he was in danger of being deprived of the restricted
power which was absolutely necessary to his personal safety, then, it
must be acknowledged, he adopted a more arbitrary policy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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