CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY 1 II. MIMICRY--BATESIAN AND MÜLLERIAN 8 III. OLD-WORLD MIMICS 18 IV. NEW-WORLD MIMICS 37 V. SOME CRITICISMS 50 VI. "MIMICRY RINGS" 61 VII. THE CASE OF _Papilio polytes_ 75 VIII. THE CASE OF _Papilio polytes_ (_cont._) 93 IX. THE ENEMIES OF BUTTERFLIES 104 X. MIMICRY AND VARIATION 125 XI. CONCLUSION 139 APPENDIX I 154 APPENDIX II 157 PLATES I-XVI AND DESCRIPTIONS 160 ff I-V. ORIENTAL MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. VI-IX. AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. X-XIII. SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. XIV. SCALES OF LEPIDOPTERA. XV. CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. XVI. NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. INDEX 183 "The process by which a mimetic analogy is brought about in nature is a problem which involves that of the origin of all species and all adaptations."--H. W. BATES, 1861. "With mimesis, above all, it is wise, when the law says that a thing is black, first to inquire whether it does not happen to be white."--HENRI FABRE. * * * * * {1} CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY