Although the Euploeinae are not represented on the African continent, it is the headquarters of another distasteful family of butterflies--the Acraeinae--which is but sparingly represented in the Oriental region[17]. {34} Of smaller size than the Danaines they are characterised, like this group, by their tenacity of life and by the presumably distasteful character of their body juices. They are said also to possess an offensive odour apparently exuded through the thorax. The majority of the members of the group fall into the two genera _Acraea_ and _Planema_. Species of Acraea are on the whole characterised by their general bright red-brown colour and by the conspicuous black spots on both fore and hind wings. A typical Acraeine pattern is that of _Acraea egina_ (Pl. VI, fig. 7) which is mimicked remarkably closely by the Nymphaline _Pseudacraea boisduvali_ and by the Swallow-tail _Papilio ridleyanus_ (Pl. VI, figs. 5 and 6). In the genus _Planema_ the spots are as a rule fewer and clustered near the body, while on both fore and hind wings there is a tendency to develop clear wide band-like areas of orange or white (cf. Pl. VII). Like the Acraeas the Planemas are principally mimicked by species of _Pseudacraea_ and of _Papilio_. Some of the cases of resemblance between _Planema_ and _Pseudacraea_ are among the most striking known. _Planema macarista_ is one of those comparatively rare instances in which a model shews a marked difference in the pattern of the two sexes. The clear area on the fore wing of the male is deep orange, whereas in the female it is somewhat different in shape, and, like the area on the hind wing, is white (cf. Pl. VII, figs. 1 and 2). {35} _Pseudacraea eurytus hobleyi_ (Pl. VII, figs. 6 and 7) shews a similar difference in the sexes, the male and female of this species mimicking respectively the male and female of _Planema macarista_. The case is made even more remarkable by the fact that both of the sexual forms of _Planema macarista_ are mimicked by the Satyrine _Elymnias phegea_ (Pl. VII, fig. 9), though in this species either the black and white, or the black, white, and orange form may occur in either sex. Among the best Papilionine mimics of the Planemas is _Papilio cynorta_ whose female is extraordinarily like the common _Planema epaea_ (Pl. VII, figs. 5 and 10). The resemblance of the _planemoides_ female of _P. dardanus_ to _P. poggei_ has already been noticed. A striking feature of the African continent is the frequency with which mimetic forms are found among the Lycaenidae. As a rule the "blues" rarely exhibit mimetic analogies, but in Africa there are several species, especially those of the genus _Mimacraea_, which closely resemble Acraeines. Others again bear a marked resemblance to certain small Pierines, _Citronophila similis_ from S. Nigeria for example being extraordinarily like the common _Terias brigitta_, a small bright yellow Pierine with black-edged wings.