=1–49= Extralateral Rights (Apex): Both the Acts of 1866 and 1872 granted the right to follow a vein downward on its dip beyond the vertical boundaries of the claim. R.S. 2322, 30 U.S.C. 26 states in part: “The locators of all mining locations made on any mineral vein, lode or ledge situated on the public domain ... shall have the exclusive right of possession and enjoyment ... of all veins, lodes, and ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies inside of such surface lines extended downward vertically, although such veins, lodes or ledges may so far depart from a perpendicular in their course downward as to extend outside the vertical side lines of such surface locations. But their right to possession to such outside parts of such veins or ledges shall be confined to such portions thereof as lie between vertical planes drawn downward as above described, through the end lines of their locations, so continued in their own direction that such planes will intersect such exterior parts of such veins or lodes.” Extralateral rights exist only when the end lines are substantially parallel and then only when the apex of the vein passes through at least one of the end lines. If the vein passes through both end lines it may be followed with all its dips and variations beyond the side lines within the vertical planes of the end lines (see Claim A of Figure 1). Where the vein passes through one end line and one side line, one end line is theoretically moved by protraction to the point where the vein leaves the side line, and extralateral rights apply on the vein only to the extent of the foreshortened claim (see Claim B of Figure 1). Where the vein leaves the claim through both side lines, there are no extralateral rights and the vein may be mined only in the area contained within the vertical boundaries of the claim (see Claim C of Figure 1). Two claims might be located along the strike of the same vein in such a manner as to produce diverging end lines as in Claims D and E of Figure 1. In this case a portion of the vein beneath the surface (F) belongs to neither claim and must be appropriated by staking claims the vertical boundaries of which will encompass the unappropriated segment. Where veins of two different claims unite on the dip, the portion below the junction belongs to the senior claim; if the veins cross, rather than unite, the junction belongs to the senior claim. An outcrop is not an apex in the case of bedded deposits that are tilted or outcrop on a canyon wall. Claims located on the outcrops of bedded deposits have no extralateral rights.