In practice, however, as shown by the above examples, the form is used for an ordinary quality in the positive degree though implying an amount of abundance or fullness of the quality referred to. Bell (p. 33) and Hannah (p. 129) have described these degrees of comparison. Short and partial notes in S. Ch. D.’s grammar (p. 31) and Henderson (p. 23). See J. Dict. s.v. ཤོས་, p. 564. དྲིན་ཆེ, J. 262b (as equal to དྲིན་ ཅན་) is not acknowledged by my informants. དྲིན་ཆེ་ is objected to by my teachers because they say it never occurs alone but requires a final བ་, except in the superlative form དྲིན་ཆེ་ཤོས་ which, of course, is another thing. See, however, S. Ch. D. བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ་, p. 654, J. p. 13. As to the ཆེན་ or ཆེན་པོ་ in many Tibetan adjectives, this is better regarded as an enclitic particle, exactly corresponding to the English termination -ful. As little as the English -ful really means ‘full’, does the Tibetan ཆེན་ (པོ་) as a termination of adjectives really mean ‘great.’ Bell has དྲིན་ཆེན་པོ་ for ‘kind.’ The word དྲིན་ལན་ and its uses merit a separate inquiry. In this place we shall limit ourselves to stating that the entry gratitude (S. Ch. D., Ramsay, Schroeter) seems incorrect. The confusion has most likely come about because a དྲིན་ལན་ is an answer to kindness (return gift, etc.) and so betokens gratitude. དྲིན་ཆེན་ (པོ་) see དྲིན་ཆེ་བ་. དྲིན་ཇི་བཞིན་, 21. Ellipse for: according to (or, in the measure of) whatever kindness (you have shown to me). དྲིན་ལན་ see དྲིན་ཆེ་བ་. དྲུང་འཁོར་ see བརྩེ་. གདན་ see བྱང་ཆུབ་སྙིང་པོ་. གདུག་པ་, 35. The three Dicts. are not at one as to the exact shades of meaning of གདུག་པ་. J. has, subst.: ‘anything hurtful, or any injury, mischief, harm, done.’ Desg., subst.: ‘dommage, perte, mal.’ S. Ch. D. no substantive. J., adj. (= གདུག་པ་ཅན༌), ‘noxious, mischievous, dangerous.’ Desg., adj. only གདུག་པ་ཅན་, not གདུག་པ་ alone: nuisible (noxious), and a གདུག་ = གདོག་, deteriorated. S. Ch. D., adj.: གདུག་པོ་, vicious, mischievous, deleterious, poisonous. In J. and S. Ch. D. further applied meanings as: wild, hideous (screams); ferocity (in beasts), deleterious (smell), fierce (woman). In our passage the expression གདུག་སེམས་ཅན་ may be rendered by malign, wicked, evil, evil-minded, spiteful, with sufficient correctness. གདུག་པ་ཅན་ see གདུག་པ་. གདུག་པོ་ see གདུག་པ་. གདུག་སེམས་ཅན་ see གདུག་པ་. གདུང་བ་ see གདུང་དབྱངས་.