The Country about it was afterwards called _Romania_ in a limited and restrained sense, (for that _Romania_ was anciently the same with _orbis Romanus_, seems clear from[5]_Epiphanius_) and the People Ρωμαῖοι. But I suppose this was not done till about the middle times of the Empire, when it began to decline. The _Greeks_ still retain this Name. For if you ask any of the _Greeks_ born upon the Continent of _Thrace_, what Country Man he is? he answers forthwith, Ρωμαῖος _Romios_, for so they pronounce it. The _Turks_ in like manner call a _Greek_ Christian _Urum Gaour_, or the Roman Infidel, as they will call sometimes the Emperor of _Germany_, _Urumler Padisha_ or Emperor of the _Romans_. Hence it was, that the latter _Græcian_ Emperors stiled themselves βασιλεῖς Ρωμαίων, Kings of the Romans, that is, such as were Born in _Romania_ and the other Countries, which made up the Eastern division of the Empire. Tho' perchance by this flourishing Title they pretended a right to the Government of the West: Upon which vain presumption they assumed also the Title of Κοσμοκράτορες, or Emperors of the World, as if they had been the true Successors of _Augustus_, and the Western Emperors, Usurpers, whom they called by way of contempt and indignation, Ρῆγες, Reges, as[6] _Luitprandus_ informs us in the accompt of his Embassy to _Nicephorus Phocas_, and afforded the People of _Italy_ no other Title than that of[7]_Longobards_ or _Lombards_. The present _Greeks_ call all the Western Christians Λατῖνοι or φράγγοι _Latins_ or _Franks_, the _Turks_ only making use of the latter, when they speak civilly of us, and calling _Christendom_ _Phrenkistan_, in the present _Greek_ φραγγία. The _Turks_ now as proudly call _Constantinople_ _Alem pena_, or the refuge of the World: Where indeed seems to be a medley of all or most Nations of three parts of it, and of all Religions, which are allowed to be publickly profest and exercised every where throughout the Empire, except the _Persian_. For they look upon it as a corruption of, and deviation from the Rules and Doctrine of _Mahomet_, their great false Prophet, and therefore absolutely forbid it, as repugnant to, and destructive of the Doctrine of Life and Salvation, as they speak. And accordingly they condemn with all imaginable fury the Professors of it, who pretend to follow _Ali_, as Sectaries and Apostates, and entertain worse Opinions of them, than of _Christians_, or _Jews_ or _Infidels_. The _Persians_ are not behind-hand with them in their hatred and disrespect, deriding them as gross and stupid, and looking upon them as little less than barbarous; Interest and Zeal for their several Tenets heightning their differences so much, that in time of War they destroy one anothers _Moschs_. I remember, that there was a great Discourse in _Constantinople_ among the _Turks_ concerning an impudent hot-headed _Persian_, who publickly in the new _Mosch_ built by the Mother of the present Emperor, asserted