Some things, of course, are to be rejected a priori without entering into
the subject: 'As regards such miracles,' he says, {199} 'as that on a
certain statue of Artemis rain or snow never falls though the statue
stands in the open air, or that those who enter God's shrine in Arcadia
lose their natural shadows, I cannot really be expected to argue upon the
subject. For these things are not only utterly improbable but absolutely
impossible.'
'For us to argue reasonably on an acknowledged absurdity is as vain a
task as trying to catch water in a sieve; it is really to admit the
possibility of the supernatural, which is the very point at issue.'
What Polybius felt was that to admit the possibility of a miracle is to
annihilate the possibility of history: for just as scientific and
chemical experiments would be either impossible or useless if exposed to
the chance of continued interference on the part of some foreign body, so
the laws and principles which govern history, the causes of phenomena,
the evolution of progress, the whole science, in a word, of man's
dealings with his own race and with nature, will remain a sealed book to
him who admits the possibility of extra-natural interference.
The stories of miracles, then, are to be rejected on a priori rational
grounds, but in the case of events which we know to have happened the
scientific historian will not rest till he has discovered their natural
causes which, for instance, in the case of the wonderful rise of the
Roman Empire--the most marvellous thing, Polybius says, which God ever
brought about {200a}--are to be found in the excellence of their
constitution ([Greek]), the wisdom of their advisers, their splendid
military arrangements, and their superstition ([Greek]). For while
Polybius regarded the revealed religion as, of course, objective reality
of truth, {200b} he laid great stress on its moral subjective influence,
going, in one passage on the subject, even so far as almost to excuse the
introduction of the supernatural in very small quantities into history on
account of the extremely good effect it would have on pious people.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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