Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Karina Aleksandrova and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital Libraries.) Transcriber's Notes: 1. Several misprints (including Greek) were corrected. A full list of corrections can be found at the end of the text. Misspelling and inconsistencies in the French quotations, unless otherwise noted, have been preserved. 2. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved to the end of chapters. 3. Footnote 138 had no footnote marker within the text; the reference was added in a possible place. 4. Symbol of a hand pointing right has been replaced with a right arrow: ==>. MODERN ATHEISM UNDER ITS FORMS OF PANTHEISM, MATERIALISM, SECULARISM, DEVELOPMENT, AND NATURAL LAWS. BY JAMES BUCHANAN, D. D., LL. D., DIVINITY PROFESSOR IN "THE NEW COLLEGE," EDINBURGH, AND AUTHOR OF "THE OFFICE AND WORK OF THE HOLY SPIRIT," ETC. BOSTON: _GOULD AND LINCOLN_, 59 WASHINGTON STREET. NEW YORK: SHELDON, BLAKEMAN & CO., CINCINNATI: GEORGE S. BLANCHARD. 1857. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by _GOULD AND LINCOLN_, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. Electro-Stereotyped by _G. J. STILES & COMPANY_, 23 Congress Street, Boston. PREFATORY NOTE. The contents of this volume originally constituted about one half of a work, entitled "Faith in God and Modern Atheism compared, in their Essential Nature, Theoretic Grounds, and Practical Influence." Simultaneously with the first issue of that work in Scotland, the five principal chapters in this volume were published separately, accompanied with the announcement that _each was complete in itself_. The hint thus given by the author, has been acted upon by the present publishers. On examining the whole work, it was found to be divided into four Sections. Of these, the third was devoted exclusively to "_Modern Atheism_." It embraced the five chapters already alluded to, together with a general introduction and four shorter chapters. It appeared, in fact, to be a complete treatise by itself; and it is now presented to the American public in the conviction that such a work is peculiarly demanded by the present state of religious opinion in this country.