Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.Levy, Donald M.
Science
Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.
Levy, Donald M.
Copper -- Metallurgy
Concentrates, 32,929 short tons = 76·08 per cent. of charge.
Fine sulphide ores, 9,590 " = 22·16 " "
Limestone, 762 " = 1·76 " "
—————— ——————
Total charge, 43,281 " = 100·00 " "
Weight of “calcines”
produced, 35,533 " = 82·10 " "
—————— ——————
Shrinkage, 7,748 " = 17·90 " "
====== ======
The total costs of roasting (from roaster charge-bins to reverberatory
furnace) worked out at 38·45 cents per ton, the distribution of these
costs being as follows:—
Total Costs. Cost per Dry Ton.
Sampling, $222·62 $0·0051
Bedding, 2,016·27 0·0466
Reclaiming, 3,072·71 0·0710
Operating furnaces, 7,680·58 0·1775
Hauling calcines, 911·01 0·0210
General expenses, 1,639·99 0·0379
———————— ——————-
Total direct costs, $15,543·38 $0·3591
Cost of flux, 1,097·85 0·0254
———————— ——————-
Total costs, $16,641·23 $0·3845
========== =======
ANALYSIS OF COST—
(1) _Operating_—
Labour, $7,398·56 $0·1709
Power, 1,577·64 0·0365
Fuel, 773·08 0·0179
Water, 78·71 0·0018
Sundries, 10·30 0·0002
Flux, 1,097·85 0·0254
—————————— ——————-——
$10,936·14 $0·2527
(2) _Repairs_—
Labour, $2,507·35 $0·0579
Shop expense, 361·00 0·0083
Supplies, 2,836·74 0·0656
———————-—— ————-——
Total costs, $16,641·23 $0·3845
========== =======
References.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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