Only this large and comprehensive view of man “can enable true genuine
education to thrive, blossom, bear fruit, and ripen.” Now, then, the
destiny of the child as a member of the family and of humanity is to
unfold and realize in him the tendencies and forces of the family and
of humanity as a whole, in their harmony, all-sidedness, and purity.
The parental character, “their intellectual and emotional drift, which,
indeed, may as yet lie dormant in both of them as mere tendencies
and energies,” are to harmonize in his development and culture. “The
natural and the divine, the terrestrial and the celestial, the finite
and the infinite,” are to be realized in him “in harmony and unison.”
This will be done “if each unfolds and realizes his own essence as
perfectly, purely, and universally as possible; and, on the other
hand, as much as possible in accordance with his own individuality and
personality.” Therefore, no constraint nor too much assistance should
be given. “The child should learn early how to find in himself the
center and fulcrum of all his powers and members, to seek his support
in this, and, resting therein, to move freely and be active, to grasp
and to hold with his own hands, to stand and walk on his own feet, to
find and observe with his own eyes, to use his members symmetrically
and equally” (5: pp. 19-21). Thus, in the “free, all-sided use” of
one’s powers, in the self-active, unhindered unfolding of every
potentiality, Froebel saw the equal fulfillment of all the claims both
of individuality and of humanity.
Rousseau fought against sacrificing the present for the future; Froebel
made it clear that the perfect fulfillment of the present is, at the
same time, the guarantee of the future. He says:
“The vigorous and complete development and cultivation of each
successive stage depends on the vigorous, complete, and characteristic
development of each and all preceding stages of life!... _The child,
the boy, the man, indeed, should know no other endeavor but to be at
every stage of development wholly what this stage calls for._ Then
will each successive stage spring like a new shoot from a healthy bud,
and at each successive stage he will with the same endeavor again
accomplish the requirements of this stage” (5: pp. 28-30).
For Rousseau the developmental stages in the child’s life were
somewhat like a succession of changes; Froebel conceived them as the
gradual unfolding of the one organic principle which underlies all
manifestations of physical and mental life. So for Froebel very many
things in the life of childhood are symbolic and point to the higher
possibilities of manhood, and he saw, in thus viewing the matter, our
best guidance for directing the child in his destiny.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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