He divides childhood into three--including the fetus, four--stages.
But, since the “child before birth has no peculiar individuality,
none related in a particular way to particular objects,” there is no
education proper here. “At birth it passes from vegetative to animal
existence.” He has the most finely organized, infinitely adaptable body
of all animals. The growth is not only quantitative, but qualitative.
And together with its physical growth goes the mental development, this
first stage of infant life being “the time in which the human being
learns most. Now the child is made a confidant of all the senses. The
outer world becomes a reality to him. He advances from sensation to
perception.... He projects his world about himself” (3: pp. 119-120).
“The transition stage from infancy to boyhood has the following
characteristics: The child’s activity is directed more and more upon
the outer world; and along with his sense of the reality of the outer
world he begins to be a real person, and to feel himself as such. This
feeling is joined with the practical tendency to make all sorts of
experiments upon his surroundings. For this practical activity, the
child is fitted by the coming of his teeth, by his learning to stand,
walk, and speak” (3: pp. 120-121). Standing is the first requirement
by the exercise of volition. But “a still freer relation to the
outer world is attained by man through his power of walking.” The
development of speech, on the other hand, enables him to grasp things
in generalized concepts. It also leads him to the consciousness of his
own constant and total subject--to the “comprehension of his ego.”
The conscious independence of self from the nonself now dawns. “This
dawning independence first expresses itself in play with material
objects.” Hegel, however, does not like to linger long here, and
hastens to the next stage, boyhood, which constitutes “the passage of
the child from play to serious study.”
“In this transition stage children begin to be full of curiosity. They
especially delight in stories. They seek rare and strange ideas. Above
all is the awakening feeling that they are not yet what they are to
be, and the ardent wish to become like the grown-up people about them.
Out of this springs the child’s desire to imitate” (3: p. 121).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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