Now the child must be taught. This “feeling of dissatisfaction with
himself as he is,” this “personal aspiration for full development,”
this “wish to be ‘big’” is “the lever to be grasped by education.”
Therefore he condemns “the play education” which “meets children at a
low level,” which “looks upon what is childish as already something of
value in itself alone,” which, “attempting to make the incompleteness
of childhood seem as something complete, and to make the children
satisfied with it, casts down and tramples upon their own true better
wants.... It puts both itself and what is serious into a puerile form,
for which the children themselves feel contempt.” It also “may have
throughout the whole life of the pupil the baneful result of making him
account everything cheap.” Consequently, in learning, the child should
not be left to its own inclination or to anything like its spontaneous
interest. “What the boy is to learn must be set before him by authority
and example.” This is more according to his own nature, because his
ideal at this stage does not appear in any general or abstract form,
but is always represented by particular grown-up persons (3: pp.
121-122, 146-147).
In the Fichtean pedagogy the boy was encouraged to self-active learning
and thinking. But in the Hegelian pedagogy he is to be essentially
receptive. To talk to the boy about original thinking or independent
study is pure nonsense or tends to cultivate precocity. There is no
instruction without prescription. “Thought at the beginning, like
the will, should be obedient”; “willingness to yield one’s ideas is
the first necessity for a learner.” Thus: “The tendency of youth to
independent reflection or reasoning is one-sided. It should be indulged
in as little as possible.... For the chief end of education is to do
away with these personal ideas, thoughts, reflections of youth, and
their utterance. If the tendency toward self-reasoning be unchecked,
there is no discipline or order in thought, no coherent and consequent
knowledge” (3: pp. 140-141). Truth means objectivity. “We often
say that the understanding is developed by questioning, objecting,
responding, etc. But, in truth, the mind is not developed by these;
it is only made superficial. The inner nature of a man is broadened
by culture, and given him as a possession through self-restraint.
Thought is enriched, and the mind vitalized, by silence” (3: p. 140).
Silence (ἐχημυθία), the word borrowed from Pythagoras, is
the watchword of his instruction. Let us examine a little more fully
the content of this word. To say that it is a deepened receptivity,
an anticipatory interest, a worked out objectiveness of mind, a
self-forgetful absorption in matters presented, a preparedness to react
promptly in coming impressions, would be mere tautology. In other
words, it is nothing else than the height of disinterested attention.
Attention as understood by Hegel always involves voluntary control.
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