Transcriber's Note Superscript text is indicated by caret signs, e.g. M^t Pelion. The text includes diacritics which may not display well in all software, e.g. the inverted breve in ἀστροπελέκι̯α. MODERN GREEK FOLKLORE AND ANCIENT GREEK RELIGION CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS London: FETTER LANE, E.C. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER [Illustration] Edinburgh: 100, PRINCES STREET Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS New York: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS Bombay and Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. _All rights reserved_ MODERN GREEK FOLKLORE AND ANCIENT GREEK RELIGION A STUDY IN SURVIVALS BY JOHN CUTHBERT LAWSON, M.A. FELLOW AND LECTURER OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, FORMERLY CRAVEN STUDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY Cambridge: at the University Press 1910 Cambridge: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS PIIS MANIBUS ROBERTI ALEXANDRI NEIL LABORUM ADHORTANTE IPSO SUSCEPTORUM HUNC DEDICAVI FRUCTUM. PREFACE. This book is the outcome of work undertaken in Greece during my two years’ tenure of the Craven Studentship from 1898 to 1900. It is therefore my first duty gratefully to commemorate John, Lord Craven, to whose benefactions of two and a half centuries ago I owed my opportunity for research. The scheme of work originally proposed was the investigation of the customs and superstitions of modern Greece in their possible bearing upon the life and thought of ancient Greece; and to the Managers of the Craven Fund at that time, with whom was associated Mr R. A. Neil of Pembroke College to whose memory I have dedicated this book, I render hearty thanks for their willingness to encourage a venture new in direction, vague in scope, and possibly void of result. The course of research proposed was one which required as the first condition of any success considerable readiness in speaking and understanding the popular language, and to the attainment of this my first few months were necessarily devoted. When once the ear has become accustomed to the modern pronunciation, a knowledge of ancient Greek makes for rapid progress; and some three or four months spent chiefly in the _cafés_ of small provincial towns rendered me fairly proficient in ordinary conversation. Subsequent practice enabled me also to follow conversations not intended for my ear; and on more than one occasion I obtained from the talk of peasants thus overheard information which they might have been chary of imparting to a stranger.