Thus far I have dealt with the main characteristics of nymphs in
general: it remains to consider the several classes into which
they were anciently divided; and though for the most part the old
appellations, Nereids, Naiads, Oreads, and Dryads, have either
disappeared or else changed their form or meaning, we shall find that
the old division of them into these four main classes according to
their habitation still to some extent survives.
The Nereids, whose name is now extended to comprise all kinds of
nymphs, are in the ancient and proper sense of the term among the
rarest of whom the peasant speaks. But here and there mention is made
of genuine sea-nymphs, and also of their queen, the Lamia of the
Sea[343], who has superseded Amphitrite. In 1826 a villager of Argolis
described to Soutzos, the historian of the Greek revolution[344], a
true Nereid. Her hair was green and adorned with pearls and corals;
often by moonlight she might be seen dancing merrily on the surface of
the sea, and in the daytime she would come to dry her clothes upon the
rocks near the mills of Lerna. These, I may add from my own knowledge,
are reputed to be haunted by Nereids down to this day. Happily a
peasant of that period cannot be suspected of any education; he was not
recalling a piece of repetition mastered at school when he spoke of
viridis Nereidum comas[345],
but knew by tradition from his ancestors what Horace learnt of them by
study.
In the Greek town of Sinasos also, in Cappadocia, a class of sea-nymphs
is popularly recognised and distinguished under the name Ζαβέται, a
word said by the recorder of it to be derived from a Cappadocian word
_zab_ meaning the ‘sea[346].’ But of the districts known to me the
most fertile in stories of sea-nymphs is the province of Maina, the
middle of the three peninsulas south of the Peloponnese. One such story
attaches to a fine palm-tree growing on the beach at Liméni, a small
port on the west coast of the peninsula. A full version of it has been
published[347], but as it is long and not peculiarly instructive, I
content myself with an abridgement of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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