But, if the class as a whole is too vague and shadowy in the popular
imagination to be capable of exact description, one division of it
is more clearly defined and has a generally acknowledged province of
activity. These particular aërial _genii_ are known as Telonia (τελώνια
or, more rarely, τελωνεῖα). They cannot claim equal antiquity with
some of their fellows, for they are, it would seem, a by-product of
Christianity, with a certain accretion however of pagan superstition.
The origin of the name Telonia is not in dispute. It means frankly
and plainly ‘custom-houses.’ Such is the bizarre materialism of the
Greek imagination that the soul in its journeys no less than the
body is believed to encounter the embarrassment of custom-houses.
An institution which of all things mundane commands least sentiment
and sympathy has actually found a place in popular theology. Many of
the people indeed at the present day, as I know from enquiry, have
ceased to connect their two usages of the word; but others accept as
reasonable the belief that the soul in its voyage after death up from
the earth to the presence of God must bear the scrutiny of aërial
customs-officers.
But, apart from modern belief, the apotheosis of the _douane_ is amply
proved by passages cited by Du Cange[748] from early Christian authors.
‘Some spirits,’ says one[749], ‘have been set on the earth, and some
in the water, and others have been set in the air, even those that
are called “aërial customs-officers” (ἐναέρια Τελώνια).’ Another[750]
speaks of ‘the Judge and the prosecutions by the toll-collecting
spirits.’ Yet another[751] explains the belief in fuller detail: ‘as
men ascend, they find custom-houses guarding the way with great care
and obstructing the soaring souls, each custom-house examining for
one particular sin, one for deceit, another for envy, another for
slander, and so on in order, each passion having its own inspectors
and assessors[752].’ Again a prayer for the use of the dying contains
the same idea: ‘Have mercy on me, all-holy angels of God Almighty, and
save me from all evil Telonia, for I have no works to weigh against my
wrong-doings[753].’ Appeal in support of this belief was made even to
the authority of Christ as given in the words, ‘Thou fool, this night
they require thy soul of thee[754],’ where the commentators explained
the vague plural as implying some such subject as ‘toll-collectors’ or
‘custom-house officers[755].’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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