[586] Μελέτη, p. 73, note 6. [587] Παραδόσεις, II. pp. 1252-3. [588] The word καλίκι or καλίγι is a diminutive form from the Latin _caliga_. Besides its original meaning ‘shoe,’ it has acquired now the sense of ‘hoof.’ The transition was clearly through the sense of ‘horse-shoe,’ as witness the verb καλιγόνω, ‘I shoe a horse.’ [589] This word has to be written with β to give the _v_-sound of υ following ε. The ε drops, and the υ cannot then be used alone, for except after α and ε it is sounded as a vowel. [590] Polites backs up this meaning by deriving _baboutzicarios_ (on which see above, p. 217) from παποῦτσι (Arabic _bābouch_) ‘a shoe,’ but reluctantly refuses to accept the identification of καλιοντζῆς (above, p. 215) with γαλόντζης, a maker of γαλόντσας or ‘wooden shoes.’ Παραδ. II. 1253. [591] Their Greek character is strongly emphasized by Balsamon, pp. 230-1. (Vol. 137 of Migne, _Patrol. Gr.-Lat._) [592] _loc. cit._ [593] Photius, _Biblioth._ 254, pp. 468-9, ed. Bekker, μυσαρὰς καὶ μιαιφόνους τελετάς. [594] _Ibid._ δαιμονιώδης καὶ βδελυκτὴ ἑορτή. [595] _Ibid._ ὡς ἐνθέσμοις ἔργοις τοῖς ἀθεμίτοις καλλωπιζόμενοι. [596] Usener, _Acta S. Timothei_, p. 11 (Bonn). [597] Migne, _Patrol. Gr.-Lat._ Vol. 40, p. 220. [598] Edited by Cumont. [599] Balsamon, _loc. cit._ [600] Παραδόσεις, II. pp. 1273-4. To this work I am indebted for most of my instances of these celebrations during the ‘Twelve Days.’ [601] _Annual of the British School at Athens_, VI. p. 125. [602] Abbott, _Macedonian Folklore_, p. 31. [603] R. M. Dawkins, in _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, Vol. 26, Part II. (1906), p. 193. [604] Dawkins, _op. cit._ p. 201, referring to a pamphlet, περὶ τῶν ἀναστεναρίων καὶ ἄλλων τινῶν παραδόξων ἐθίμων καὶ προλήψεων, ὑπὸ Ἀ. Χουρμουρζιάδου, Constantinople, 1873, p. 22. [605] Καμπούρογλου, Ἱστ. τῶν Ἀθ. III. p. 162. [606] _loc. cit._ [607] The word is certainly in my experience rare, and is not given in Skarlatos’ Lexicon. But it occurs e.g. in a popular tradition from Thessaly concerning the Callicantzari, in Πολίτης, Παραδόσεις, I. p. 356. [608] Λεξικὸν τῆς καθ’ ἡμᾶς Ἑλληνικῆς διαλέκτου, s.v. κατσιασμένος. [609] Plutarch, _de εἰ apud Delphos_, 9 (p. 389). [610] Balsamon, p. 231 (Migne, _Patrol. Gr.-Lat._ Vol. 137). [611] Ulpian, _ad Dem._ p. 294. Cf. also Balsamon, _loc. cit._ [612] Müller and Donaldson, _History of the Literature of Ancient Greece_, I. p. 382. [613] Smith, _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, s.v. _Dionysia_. [614] See above, p. 151. [615] I write _d_ in the place of the Greek τ, which when following ν always has the sound of English _d_. [616] It is probably formed from τέντα, ‘a tent,’ which clearly comes from the Latin. Some however derive directly from the anc. Gk τιταίνω. The question of origin however does not affect my illustration of the later change of τ into τσ. [617] Heard in Sciathos and kindly communicated to me by Mr A. J. B. Wace.