Produced by David Garcia, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Print project.) MODERN LEADERS: _BEING A SERIES OF_ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BY JUSTIN McCARTHY, _Author of "Lady Judith: A Tale of Two Continents," etc._ NEW YORK: SHELDON & COMPANY, 677 BROADWAY and 214 and 216 MERCER STREET. 1872. CONTENTS. QUEEN VICTORIA AND HER SUBJECTS. 7 THE REAL LOUIS NAPOLEON. 18 EUGENIE, EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH. 25 THE PRINCE OF WALES. 35 THE KING OF PRUSSIA. 45 VICTOR EMANUEL, KING OF ITALY. 55 LOUIS ADOLPH THIERS. 66 PRINCE NAPOLEON. 77 THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE. 85 BRIGHAM YOUNG. 96 THE LIBERAL TRIUMVIRATE OF ENGLAND. 106 ENGLISH POSITIVISTS. 116 ENGLISH TORYISM AND ITS LEADERS. 126 "GEORGE ELIOT" AND GEORGE LEWES. 136 GEORGE SAND. 145 EDWARD BULWER AND LORD LYTTON. 156 "PAR NOBILE FRATRUM--THE TWO NEWMANS." 167 ARCHBISHOP MANNING. 175 JOHN RUSKIN. 183 CHARLES READE. 192 EXILE-WORLD OF LONDON. 202 THE REVEREND CHARLES KINGSLEY. 211 MR. JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE. 223 SCIENCE AND ORTHODOXY IN ENGLAND. 234 INTRODUCTION. The sketches which make up this volume are neither purely critical nor merely biographical. They endeavor to give the American reader a clear and just idea of each individual in his intellect, his character, his place in politics, letters, and society. In some instances I have written of friends whom I know personally and well; in others of men with whom I have but slight acquaintance; in others still of persons whom I have only seen. But in every instance those whom I describe are persons whom I have been able to study on the spot, whose character and doings I have heard commonly discussed by those who actually knew them. In no case whatever are the opinions I have given drawn merely from books and newspapers. This value, therefore, these essays may have to an American, that they are not such descriptions as any of us might be enabled to put into print by the mere help of study and reading; descriptions for example such as one might make of Henry VIII. or Voltaire. They are in every instance, even when intimate and direct personal acquaintance least assist them, the result of close observation and that appreciation of the originals which comes from habitual intercourse with those who know them and submit them to constant criticism.