Not to detain the reader by going through the cities of Italy, I will only further mention, that at Padua, the rain beats through the west window of the Arena chapel, and runs down _over_ the frescoes. That at Venice, in September last, I saw three buckets set in the scuola di San Rocco to catch the rain which came _through_ the _canvases_ of Tintoret on the roof; and that while the old works of art are left thus unprotected, the palaces are being restored in the following modes. The English residents knock out bow windows to see up and down the canal. The Italians paint all the _marble_ white or cream color, stucco the fronts, and paint them in blue and white stripes to imitate alabaster. (This has been done with Danieli's hotel, with the north angle of the church of St. Mark, there replacing the real alabasters which have been torn down, with a noble old house in St. Mark's place, and with several in the narrow canals.) The marbles of St. Mark's, and carvings, are being _scraped_ down to make them look bright--the lower arcade of the Doge's palace is whitewashed--the entrance porch is being restored--the operation having already proceeded so far as the knocking off of the heads of the old statues--an iron railing painted black and yellow has been put round the court. Faded tapestries, and lottery tickets (the latter for the benefit of charitable institutions) are exposed for sale in the council chambers. [5] Hooker, Eccl. Pol. Book I. chap. ii. Sec. 2. [6] I do not assert that the accidental utility of a theoretic pursuit, as of botany for instance, in any way degrades it, though it cannot be considered as elevating it. But essential utility, a purpose to which the pursuit is in some measure referred, as in architecture, invariably degrades, because then the theoretic part of the art is comparatively lost sight of; and thus architecture takes a level below that of sculpture or painting, even when the powers of mind developed in it are of the same high order. When we pronounce the name of Giotto, our venerant thoughts are at Assisi and Padua, before they climb the Campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore. And he who would raise the ghost of Michael Angelo, must haunt the Sistine and St. Lorenzo, not St. Peter's. CHAPTER II. OF THE THEORETIC FACULTY AS CONCERNED WITH PLEASURES OF SENSE. Sec. 1. Explanation of the term "theoretic." I proceed therefore first, to examine the nature of what I have called the Theoretic faculty, and to justify my substitution of the term "theoretic" for aesthetic, which is the one commonly employed with reference to it.