List of Vessels over 4000 Tons Presently or at one time Afloat— The Years in which the Production of Large Steamships have been Greatest—The Individual Share of the several Districts in Producing Large Steamships 198 APPENDIX. CALCULATING INSTRUMENTS. Fuller’s Spiral Slide rule—Amsler’s Polar Fixed-scale Planimeter— Amsler’s Proportional or Variable-scale Planimeter—Amsler’s Mechanical Integrator 207 PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. JOHN BURNS, _facing Page_ 2 NATHANIEL DUNLOP, ” ” 12 THOMAS HENDERSON, ” ” 20 WILLIAM PEARCE, ” ” 30 JAMES ANDERSON, ” ” 36 ALEXANDER C. KIRK, ” ” 44 BENJAMIN MARTELL, ” ” 60 WILLIAM H. WHITE, ” ” 86 JOHN INGLIS, JUN., ” ” 106 SIR EDWARD J. REED, ” ” 108 PROF. FRANCIS ELGAR, ” ” 114 WILLIAM DENNY, ” ” 118 WILLIAM JOHN, ” ” 124 CHARLES MARK PALMER, ” ” 172 JAMES LAING, ” ” 178 VIEWS OF NOTABLE STEAMSHIPS. S.S. “City of Rome,” Anchor Line, _Frontispiece_. S.S. “Umbria,” Cunard Line, _facing Page_ 6 S.S. “Austral,” Anchor Line, ” ” 36 ERRATA. PAGE 11.—Thirteenth line from top: for 1883 read 1884. PAGE 81.—Fourth line from top: for “a single trial” read “one or two trials.” PAGE 163.—Fourth line from top: for 1884 read 1845. PAGE 187.—Third line from top: for “fluctuations” read “fluctuation.” PAGE 200.—Dimensions of “City of Rome”: for 546 by 52 by 58¾ read 546 by 52 by 38¾. “Into a ship of the line man has put as much of his human patience, common sense, forethought, experimental philosophy, self-control habits of order and obedience, thoroughly wrought handwork, defiance of brute elements, careless courage, careful patriotism, and calm expectation of the judgment of God, as can well be put into a space 300 feet long; by 80 feet broad.”—_Ruskin._