PAGE INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER 1 THE BRITISH NAVY 12 NOTES 52 THE FRENCH NAVY 67 NOTES 92 THE ITALIAN, RUSSIAN, GERMAN, AUSTRIAN, AND TURKISH NAVIES 104 NOTES 134 Italy 134 Russia 139 Spain 141 Austria 144 THE UNITED STATES NAVY 148 NOTES 183 UNITED STATES NAVAL ARTILLERY 194 NOTES 226 Guns 226 Machine and Rapid-fire Guns 234 SHIPS OF THE MINOR NAVIES 241 APPENDIX I 251 SUBMARINE WARFARE 251 TORPEDOES 259 A NAVAL RESERVE 261 FORCED DRAFT 263 APPENDIX II 267 THE QUESTION OF TYPES 267 APPENDIX III 283 RANGE OF GUNS 283 ILLUSTRATIONS. THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, OCTOBER 21, 1805.—From a drawing by J. O. Davidson _Frontispiece._