Monarchs of minstrelsy, from "Daddy" Rice to dateRice, Edw. Le Roy (Edward Le Roy)
History
Monarchs of minstrelsy, from "Daddy" Rice to date
Rice, Edw. Le Roy (Edward Le Roy)
Actors -- United States; Minstrel shows
The next mention of a black-face performer, by Mr. White, was in
1815, when an actor known as “Pot Pie” Herbert sang “The Battle of
Plattsburg” in Albany; Mr. H. D. Stone in the “Drama,” published
in Albany in 1873, credits one “Hop” Robinson as the singer of the
song; while “Sol” Smith, a reputed eye-witness, in his (Smith’s)
autobiography, published in 1868, credits it to Andrew Jackson Allen,
claiming that Allen sang it at the Green Street Theatre, Albany, 1815,
playing a black-face character. Obviously there could be but one
“first” and a period of fifteen years had apparently elapsed between
the reputed appearance of Mr. Graupner and the last named gentleman; in
other words, no claims have been made for others between 1799 and 1815.
Nevertheless, there _was_ an appearance between these dates, and by
none other than Mr. Graupner himself, who, on September 4, 1809 (while
“Daddy” Rice was an infant in swaddling clothes), appeared as the
“Gay Negro Boy” in a circus at Taunton, Mass.; the honor then beyond
any doubt is Mr. Graupner’s; and equally certain is the fact that he
appeared in Boston, December 30, 1799. Black-face performers sprang up
rapidly, and in earlier days no circus was considered complete without
at least one of them.
SOME EARLY BLACK-FACE PERFORMERS.
The following were all popular performers preceding minstrelsy proper;
unfortunately the dates of their deaths are practically shrouded in
oblivion:
George Nichols; Bob. Farrell, the original “Zip Coon”; Sam Tatnall,
Barney Burns, Bill Keller, Horatio Eversell, George Rice (brother of
T. D. Rice), William M. Hall, Thomas Blakely, Leicester, etc. Andrew
Jackson Allen, already mentioned, was born in New York City in 1776,
and according to Laurence Hutton was the costumer, dresser and personal
slave of Edwin Forrest for many years; he was quite deaf, and was
commonly known as “Dummy” Allen. He died in New York City, October
29, 1853. James Roberts, by the same authority, sang a song in negro
character as early as October 7, 1824; he died in 1833.
George Washington Dixon sang “Coal Black Rose,” the air of which was
appropriated from an old ballad, as early as 1827. His first New York
appearance was of the Lafayette Theatre, July 19, 1828. He later became
notorious as a filibuster during the Yucatan disturbances, and died in
New Orleans in 1861. Some prominent early minstrel performers whose
records and deaths were likewise lost in oblivion are: Charley Jenkins,
Master Chestnut, Harry Mestayer, Neil Jamison and many more. There are
others, too, of nearly every decade of whom the author has made every
research to gather some knowledge, but without success.
“DADDY” RICE.
Thomas Dartmouth Rice was the original “Jim Crow,” the story has been
told in many ways, but the authentic version appeared in the _Atlantic
Monthly_ in 1867, and herewith is reproduced verbatim; it is from the
pen of Robert P. Nevin.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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