_Table showing the relative values of gold and silver in the various countries of the world from the discovery of America to 1680._ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- A. D.| Ratio. | Authorities. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1497 | 1 to 10.70 | Spain. Reign of Isabella. Edict of Medina. Local. 1500 | 1 to 10.50 | Germany. Adam Riese's Arithmetic. Local or | | doubtful. 1551 | 1 to 11.17 | Germany. Imperial mint regulations. Arbitrary or | | local. 1559 | 1 to 11.44 | German Imperial mint regulations. 1561 | 1 to 11.70} | France. Mint regulations. 1575 | 1 to 11.68} | 1623 | 1 to 11.74 | Upper Germany. Mint regulations. 1640 | 1 to 13.51 | France. Mint regulations. Transition period. 1665 | 1 to 15.10 | France. Mint regulations. 1667 | 1 to 14.15 | Upper Germany. Mint regulations. Doubtful. 1669 | 1 to 15.11 | Upper Germany. Mint regulations. 1679 | 1 to 15.00} | France. Mint regulations. 1680 | 1 to 15.40} | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Table showing the ratio of silver to 1 of gold from 1687 to the demonetization of silver by Germany and the United States and the closing of the Mints to its free coinage. [From the Report (1890) of the Director of the U. S. Mint on the Production of the Precious Metals in the United States.] [NOTE.--From 1687 to 1832 the ratios are taken from Dr. A. Soetbeer; from 1833 to 1878 from Pixley and Abell's tables; and from 1879 to 1889 from daily cable-grams from London to the Bureau of the Mint.]