Monophysitism Past and Present: A Study in Christology — John Shaqi
Monophysitism Past and Present: A Study in ChristologyLuce, A. A. (Arthur Aston)
Religion
Monophysitism Past and Present: A Study in Christology
Luce, A. A. (Arthur Aston)
Monophysites
Bergson's psychology throws further light on a central doctrine of
catholic Christology. It not only makes conceivable, as we have shown
above, the co-existence of the two natures, but it lends support to the
belief in the independent reality of His personality. Person and
nature of Christology find their modern equivalents in the Bergsonian
"deep-seated" and "superficial" states of consciousness. Bergson draws
a sharp line of distinction between these two. The deep-seated states
constitute the kernel of being. They are the man's existence turned
inwards. They are independent, free, creative. They are a unifying
force. Always present, they only rarely make their presence felt.
Only at moments of deep experience do they interfere with the surface
self. The superficial states form the outward-regarding existence of
man. They represent consciousness relaxed into moments of clock-time,
moments more or less external to one another. They are not truly free.
They are conditioned by the material environment. Whatever be thought
of the metaphysic of this system, recognition cannot be refused to that
part of it which rests on the solid foundation of psychological fact.
Self-analysis discloses a two-fold experience in man. The stream of
his life contains both current and undercurrent. The current is
nature, the under-current personality.
MONOPHYSITISM ANNULS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN DIVINE PERSON AND DIVINE
NATURE
This distinction is of paramount importance in Christology. Diphysites
hold fast to the distinction. They maintain a human nature in Christ,
but they do not humanise His person. The person cannot be humanised.
It remained divine after the incarnation, as it was before. Though He
became man, the depth of His being was unchanged. The rain from heaven
and the waters from the earthly spring mingle in one stream, but
beneath the surface the deep undercurrent of being flows on unchanged.
The monophysite in effect abandons this distinction. This is where his
psychology is most seriously at fault. He confuses person and nature.
Deep-seated and superficial states of soul are all one to him. He does
not see the duality in the being of his fellow-men; so he cannot see it
in the ideal man. This is a consequence of monophysitism which has not
attracted the attention of theologians, and which the monophysite
himself did not intend. The doctrine that rules out the human nature
of Christ rules out the divine nature also, by confusing it with the
personality. The monophysite affirms the divine nature while denying
the human. Such affirmation is purely verbal. It is completely void
of significance. The contrast between the divine and human natures is
needed to throw personality into relief. Take away the human nature,
and that contrast disappears, and with it goes the distinction between
divine person and divine nature. Then, instead of a transcendent
personality in whose portrait divine and human features are distinctly
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