One-seed juniper (_Juniperus monosperma_).—Berries small, mostly less than ¼ inch in diameter, usually contain only one seed, maturing in 1 year. They are covered with a bluish bloom which may be rubbed off exposing the true reddish or coppery color. Twigs stiff and stout. Heartwood brown. Utah juniper (_Juniperus utahensis_).—Berries ¼ to ⅓ inch long. Bark ashy gray, about ¼ inch thick, broken into long thin scales. Wood light brown, with nearly white sapwood. Berries are reddish brown, have one or rarely two seeds, mature in 2 years. A small bushy tree, rarely over 20 feet high. BROADLEAF TREES Aspen (_Populus tremuloides_).—Commonly called quaking aspen. Flat, broadly oval leaves, up to 4½ inches across, that tremble characteristically in a breeze. Bark whitish or very pale green, smooth, with black scars where branches have dropped off. Trees rarely more than 60 feet high. Narrowleaf cottonwood (_Populus angustifolia_).—Usually a tall tree, 40 to 60 feet high. Bark light yellow-green, divided near the base of old trees into flat ridges; smooth and thinner above. Leaves ¼ to 1 inch wide and 2 or 3 inches long, very similar to willow leaves. Usually found along streams at lower elevations. Mountain alder (_Alnus tenuifolia_).—Found along and overhanging streams, usually in clumps, several trees growing from the same root, frequently 4 to 6 inches in diameter and 15 to 25 feet high. Leaves double-toothed, 2 to 4 inches long and 1½ to 2½ inches wide. Mature seed-bearing fruit noticeable in winter. Willows (_Salix, sp._).—The common shrub of creek bottoms. Usually narrow, sharp-pointed leaves. Some willows attain a diameter of 4 inches and a height of 15 to 25 feet. Buds are covered by a single scale. Western choke cherry (_Prunus demissa_).—Clustered flowers and fruit; alternate leaves, sharply pointed. Bark, leaves, and seed bitter. Fruit black. Tree, or more often a shrub, up to 15 feet in height. Scrub oak (_Quercus sp._).—Usually a shrub, rarely over 15 feet high. Alternate leaves, smaller at the base than at the ends, with deep lobes, frequently drying on the tree and remaining over winter. Fruit, a short pointed acorn. Forms dense thickets at lower elevations. Often valuable for fence posts. Pacific serviceberry (_Amelanchier florida_).—Leaves silvery, sharply toothed above the middle and alternate on branches. Trees, or more often shrubs, 6 to 15 feet high. Flowers white and in clusters. Five hard seeds in each berry. Berries edible, nearly black, when ripe.