[Illustration: Wm. H. Atherton.] MONTREAL 1535-1914 UNDER THE FRENCH RÉGIME 1535-1760 By WILLIAM HENRY ATHERTON, Ph. D. _Qui manet in patria et patriam cognoscere temnit Is mihi non civis, sed peregrinus erit_ VOLUME I [Illustration] ILLUSTRATED THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY MONTREAL VANCOUVER CHICAGO 1914 CONTENTS CHAPTER I 1535-1542 HOCHELAGA THE ARRIVAL OF JACQUES CARTIER AT HOCHELAGA ON HIS SECOND VOYAGE TO CANADA--HIS ROYAL COMMISSION--THE FRUITLESS DEVICE OF DONNACONA TO FRIGHTEN CARTIER FROM VISITING HOCHELAGA--THE DIFFICULTY OF CROSSING LAKE ST. PETER--THE ARRIVAL AND RECEPTION AT HOCHELAGA--JACQUES CARTIER THE FIRST HISTORIAN OF MONTREAL--DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWN--CARTIER RECITES THE FIRST CHAPTER OF ST. JOHN'S GOSPEL OVER AGOHANNA, THE LORD OF THE COUNTRY--MOUNT ROYAL NAMED AND VISITED--CARTIER'S ACCOUNT OF THE VIEW FROM THE MOUNTAIN TOP--CARTIER'S SECOND VISIT IN 1540 TO HOCHELAGA AND TO TUTONAGUY, THE SITE OF THE FUTURE MONTREAL--THE PROBABLE VISIT OF DE ROBERVAL IN 1542. NOTES: THE SITE OF HOCHELAGA--HOCHELAGA'S CIVILIZATION--CANADA--GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MOUNT ROYAL AND THE MONTEREGIAN HILLS. 1 CHAPTER II 1516-1627 COLONIZATION UNDER THE EARLY TRADING COMPANIES OF NEW FRANCE FRENCH COLONIZATION, A CHRISTIANIZING MOVEMENT--THE CROSS AND CROWN--ROBERVAL'S COMMISSION TO COLONIZE CANADA AND HOCHELAGA--FEUDALISM PROJECTED--CRIMINALS AND MALEFACTORS TO BE SENT AS COLONISTS--JACQUES CARTIER SAILS IN ADVANCE--CHARLESBOURG ROYAL, THE FIRST COLONY, STARTED--CARTIER SAILS FOR HOCHELAGA AND PASSES TUTONAGUY--CARTIER SAILS SECRETLY FOR FRANCE--CHARLESBOURG A FAILURE--DEATH OF CARTIER--HIS GREAT NEPHEW, NOEL, VISITS THE GREAT SAULT IN 1557--THE FIRST PRIVATE MONOPOLY TO NOEL AND OTHERS--THE FIRST ROYAL TRADE MONOPOLY TO DE LA ROCHE--THE EDICT OF NANTES--CHAUVIN, A HUGUENOT, SECURES A TRADE MONOPOLY--TADOUSSAC, THE COURT OF KING PETAUD--EYMARD DE CHASTES RECEIVES A COMMISSION AND ENGAGES THE SERVICES OF A ROYAL GEOGRAPHER, SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN--CHAMPLAIN'S FIRST VISIT TO THE SAULT--DE MONTS, SUCCEEDING DE CHASTES, RETAINS CHAMPLAIN AS HIS LIEUTENANT--QUEBEC CHOSEN BY CHAMPLAIN--CHAMPLAIN BECOMES A COMPANY PROMOTER AND MANAGING DIRECTOR, THE SHAREHOLDERS BEING MOSTLY HUGUENOTS, THE PRINCE DE CONDE, GOVERNOR GENERAL--CHAMPLAIN'S BLUNDER IN ALLYING HIMSELF WITH THE ALGONQUINS AND HURONS AGAINST THE IROQUOIS, AFTERWARDS THE CAUSE OF IROQUOIS HOSTILITIES AGAINST THE FUTURE MONTREAL--THE COMING OF THE "RECOLLECTS"--CHAMPLAIN'S ATTEMPT AT A REAL COLONIZING SETTLEMENT AT QUEBEC--THE JESUITS ARRIVE--THE COMPANY OF ONE HUNDRED ASSOCIATES 23 CHAPTER III 1603-1625 THE GREAT SAULT CHAMPLAIN THE FIRST TRADER