The council was modeled on that of the parliament of Paris. The terms
of the "ordonnance" of its creation indicated that the king wished to
create here, in Canada, an authority to supply what the parliament
of Paris, seeing its great distance away, could not provide for.
Yet the Sovereign Council was never a real parliament, although
it contained in germ, if not actually, all the power of one. The
dignity of the new body was so great later that when Frontenac came
as a governor he considerably astonished the simple burgesses of the
little fortress of Quebec with all the pomp at his command. He would
be in truth a "Viceroy," and Gascon that he was, he would play the
part. Others also in their sphere would reproduce the usages of the
Paris mother parliament; hence the troubles about "préséance," among
the counsellors, which seem so trivial to us, but not so to them,
punctilious in their observance of their high positions. With Paris
for an example, it is not surprising that Frontenac dismissed his
counsellors, when it suited him, for did not Louis le Soleil do the
same himself?
The "ordonnance" of the creation of the council, after indicating the
composition of its members and outlining its general powers, then
continues: "Moreover we give power to the said council to commission,
at Quebec, Montreal, Three Rivers and in all other places, as many, and
in the manner as it shall deem necessary, persons as shall judge in the
first instance without chicanery and delay, the procedures of different
proceedings which may arise between private persons, and shall name
clerks, notaries and scriveners, surgeons and other officers of justice
whom they shall judge proper, our desire being to drive all chicanery
as far as possible out of the said country of New France, with the end
that prompt and speedy justice may be rendered."
The Sovereign Council was held at Quebec but it ruled over Montreal,
not in broad lines of general policy only, but in what we would call
village politics. It went into very small details indeed and the parish
church portals were frequently posted with proclamations from Quebec.
There does not seem to have been much home rule for Montreal in those
days.
A picture of this period is presented in the "Histoire Véritable et
Naturelle de la Nouvelle France," dedicated to Colbert, the minister,
by a letter written from Three Rivers on October 8, 1663, by Pierre
Boucher, who had been sent to France by the inhabitants of La Nouvelle
France for help, in 1662, when he had conversed with Colbert personally.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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