All the above concessions were made on the left bank of the St.
Lawrence, from Lake St. Peter to the head of the island, ascending to
the Rivière des Prairies. From the mouth of the Richelieu and ascending
up stream on the other side of the river many other concessions were
made by Talon to de Sorel, du Pas, de Chambly, Chevalier Pierre de
Saint Ours (captain of the Carignan-Sallières regiment), Antoine
Pécaudy de Contrecoeur, de Vitré, de Verchères, de Varenne, de
Grandmaison, Michel Messier, of Montreal, to whom was given the
seigneury of St. Michel, and Jacques Le Moyne, also of Montreal, that
of Cap de la Trinité; to Sidzac du Gué de Boisbriant, was given the
Ile Thérèse facing Bout de l'Isle; to M. Boucher, the Seigneur de
Boucherville, to Charles Le Moyne, two fiefs, one of which he called
Longueuil, from his place of origin at Dieppe, in Normandy, and the
other Chateauguay. To Zacharie Dupuis was given Heron Island; to M.
Perrot the island below the southwest corner of the island, afterwards
named Ile Perrot, after him, as well as Ile á la Paix, Iles aux Pins,
Ste. Geneviève and St. Gilles.
This list of names has been given, since it is synonymous with that
of many of the parishes hereafter erected in these districts, for not
many of the seigneurs were as yet wealthy, and they could not fulfill
the double condition of providing a village mill and a village church.
Though noble in name, many were as poor as church mice. Having been
granted their lands, for a nominal sum, in return for "fealty and
homage," the new noble had to work hard to clear his land within a
limited time, else he would forfeit it, for few had capital to work
it. To make his claim permanent he had to subdivide his domain to
cultivators _en censive_, or _censitaires_ who tilled the land and
paid his "cens et rente" on St. Martin's day to the seigneur, as was
common at Montreal, in the shape of half a sou and a pint of wheat for
each arpent. There were, however, restrictions such as having to grind
his corn at the seigneur's mill, when there was one, for such was an
expensive luxury. This was practically the only one of the "banalités,"
as they were called, of the French feudal system introduced into
Canada, and it was not very much of a hardship. The "corvée" still
existed, by which the seigneur could demand personal labor. In Canada
this was about six days a year and was frequently remitted, as the
seigneur found that the expense of food for the workers, etc., made it
not worth his while to use their labour.
Not all the seigneurs were as diligent and as fortunate as Charles Le
Moyne, of Montreal, who, from being the son of an innkeeper at Dieppe,
founded the noble house of Longueuil and whose son Charles, Baron
Longueuil, built a fort and a home which Frontenac said, gave an idea
of the fortified châteaux of France.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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