Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 48244-h.htm or 48244-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48244/48244-h/48244-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48244/48244-h.zip) Project Gutenberg has the other volume of this work. Volume I: see http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/47809 Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See https://archive.org/details/montrealunderthe02atheuoft Transcriber’s note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). A carat character is used to denote superscription. A single character following the carat is superscripted (example: Benj^n). MONTREAL 1535-1914 Under British Rule 1760-1914 by WILLIAM HENRY ATHERTON, Ph. D. _Qui manet in patria et patriam cognoscere temnit Is mihi non civis, sed peregrinus erit_ VOLUME II [Illustration] Illustrated The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company Montreal Vancouver Chicago 1914 PREFACE The history of “Montreal Under British Rule” is the “Tale of Two Cities”, of a dual civilization with two main racial origins, two mentalities, two main languages, and two main religions. It is the story of two dominant races growing up side by side under the same flag, jealously preserving their identities, at some times mistrusting one another, but on the whole living in marvelous harmony though not always in unison, except on certain well defined common grounds of devotion to Canada and the Empire, and of the desire of maintaining the noble traditions and the steady progress of their city. Montreal of today is a cosmopolitan city, but it is preponderatingly French-Canadian in its population. This fact makes it necessary to give especial attention to the history of two-thirds of the people. There has, therefore, been an effort in these pages, while recognizing this, to respect the rights of the minority, and open-handed justice has been observed. The position of a dispassionate onlooker has been taken as far as possible in the narration of the domestic struggles in the upbuilding of the city through the crucial turnstiles of Canadian history under British rule--the Interregnum, the establishment of civil government, the Quebec act, the Constitutional act, the Union, and the Confederation. This attitude of equipoise, while disappointing to partisans, has been justified if it helps to present an unbiased account of different periods of history and serves to maintain the city’s motto of “Concordia Salus”--a doctrine which has been upheld throughout this work. _Tout savoir c’est tout pardonner._ Charles Dickens in his visit to Montreal in 1842 observed that it was a “heart-burning town.” There is no need to renew the occasion for such a title in the city of today.