BRIGADIER GAGE, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL--THE ADDRESS OF THE MILITIA AND MERCHANTS--GOVERNMENT BY THE MILITARY BUT NOT “MARTIAL LAW”--THE CUSTOM OF PARIS STILL PREVAILS--COURTS ESTABLISHED--THE EMPLOYMENT OF FRENCH-CANADIAN MILITIA CAPTAINS IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE--SENTENCES FROM THE REGISTERS OF THE MONTREAL COURTS--GOVERNOR GAGE’S ORDINANCES--TRADE--THE PORT--GAGE’S REPORT TO PITT ON THE STATE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF MONTREAL--THE PROMULGATION OF THE DECLARATION OF THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PARIS--REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE LIQUIDATION OF THE PAPER MONEY--LEAVE TO THE FRENCH TO DEPART--LAST ORDINANCES OF GAGE--HIS DEPARTURE 13 CHAPTER III THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PARIS 1763 THE NEW CIVIL GOVERNMENT THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE--SECTION RELATING TO CANADA--CATHOLIC DISABILITIES AND THE PHRASE “AS FAR AS THE LAWS OF GREAT BRITAIN PERMIT”--THE TREATY RECEIVED WITH DELIGHT BY THE “OLD” SUBJECTS BUT WITH DISAPPOINTMENT BY THE “NEW”--THE INEVITABLE STRUGGLES BEGIN, TO CULMINATE IN THE QUEBEC ACT OF 1774--OPPOSITION AT MONTREAL, THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE SEIGNEURS--THE NEW CIVIL GOVERNMENT IN ACTION--CIVIL COURTS AND JUSTICES OF THE PEACE ESTABLISHED--MURRAY’S ACTION IN ALLOWING “ALL SUBJECTS OF THE COLONY” TO BE CALLED UPON TO ACT AS JURORS VIOLENTLY OPPOSED BY THE BRITISH PARTY AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL--THE PROTEST OF THE QUEBEC GRAND JURY--SUBSEQUENT MODIFICATIONS IN 1766 TO SUIT ALL PARTIES--GOVERNOR MURRAY’S COMMENT ON MONTREAL, “EVERY INTRIGUE TO OUR DISADVANTAGE WILL BE HATCHED THERE”--MURRAY AND THE MONTREAL MERCHANTS--A TIME OF MISUNDERSTANDING. NOTE: LIST OF SUBSEQUENT GOVERNORS 25 CHAPTER IV CIVIC GOVERNMENT UNDER JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 1764 RALPH BURTON, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL, BECOMES MILITARY COMMANDANT--FRICTION AMONG MILITARY COMMANDERS--JUSTICES OF PEACE CREATED--FIRST QUARTER SESSIONS--MILITARY VERSUS CITIZENS--THE WALKER OUTRAGE--THE TRIAL--WALKER BOASTS OF SECURING MURRAY’S RECALL--MURRAY’S DEFENSE AFTER HIS RECALL--THE JUSTICES OF THE PEACE ABUSE THEIR POWER--CENSURED BY THE COUNCIL AT QUEBEC--COURT OF COMMON PLEAS ESTABLISHED--PIERRE DU CALVET--CARLETON’S DESCRIPTION OF THE “DISTRESSES OF THE CANADIANS” 35 CHAPTER V THE PRELIMINARY STRUGGLE FOR AN ASSEMBLY THE BRITISH MERCHANTS OF MONTREAL “VERY RESPECTABLE MERCHANTS”--A LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ON BRITISH LINES PROMOTED BY THEM--INOPPORTUNE--VARIOUS MEMORIALS TO GOVERNMENT--THE MEETINGS AT MILES PRENTIES’ HOUSE--CRAMAHE--MASERES--COUNTER PETITIONS 45 CHAPTER VI