lest the last state become worse than the first, and excess of zeal deface what time and the hand of man, even the Department of Public Works itself, quarrying its material for bridges, dams, embankments and the shapeless Government buildings of which it possesses the monopoly, have left standing. Without, however, insisting on the dark aspect of the situation, let us trust that a sense of shame, if not of duty, will sustain the interest in the old monuments of Java now in vogue, and may then the faddish, pompous display, turned into channels of quiet, responsible, persistent endeavour, herald a brighter day! [Illustration] FOOTNOTES: [2] Strictly speaking, says Dr. BRANDES in his notes to his translation of the _Pararaton_, or the Book of the Kings of Tumapel and Mojopahit (p. 178), there is only one _babad tanah jawi_, which received its final redaction about 1700. The other _babads_, though they may contain recapitulations of the general history of Java, treat of local affairs or of certain selected periods, as the _babads_ Surakarta, Diponegoro, Mangkunegoro, Paku Alaman, etc. [3] Emblem of Siva’s fructifying virility. [4] Emblem of the fecundity of Siva’s _sakti_ or female complement, Parvati or Uma, Doorga, Kali or whatever other name she goes by according to the nature of her manifestations. [5] Generic name for ointments and salves, used specifically for a preparation of turmeric and coco-nut oil, which is smeared over the body on gala occasions and applied to objects held in veneration. [6] An _aloon aloon_ is an open square before the dwelling of a native chief; the _kratons_ or palaces with their dependencies of the semi-independent princes in Central Java have two _aloon aloons_, one to the north and one to the south, on which no grass is allowed to grow. [7] _Kedaton_ has the same meaning as _kraton_, but is generally used for that part of a princely residence occupied by the owner himself with his wives, concubines and children, as distinct from the quarters of his retinue. [8] _Chandi_ means in its correct, restricted sense: “the stones between and under which in olden times the ashes of a burnt corpse were put,” or “a mausoleum built over the ashes of one departed” (ROORDA and GERICKE); by extension, in native speech, any monument of the Hindu period. The _chandi_ Sari is supposed to have been a _vihara_ or Buddhist monastery. [9] A tax of f. 50 (ten pence), the payment of which secures also admission to the _chandis_ Pawon and Boro Budoor. [10] Thanks to Major T. van Erp of the Engineers, who conducted the work of restoration, this pious wish has been granted. [11] Governor of Java’s northeast coast from 1801 to 1808, in whose garden at Samarang “several very beautiful subjects in stone were arranged, brought in from different parts of the country.” RAFFLES, _History of Java_, vol. ii., P. 55.