Produced by Al Haines MORALITY AS A RELIGION AN EXPOSITION OF SOME FIRST PRINCIPLES BY W. R. WASHINGTON SULLIVAN "Religion is Morality recognised as a Divine command." --IMMANUEL KANT "The mind of this age has fallen away from theology to morals. I conceive it an advance." --EMERSON LONDON SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LIM. NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO. 1898 [_All rights reserved_] PREFACE. A recent work by M. Guyau was originally announced under the title of _The Non-Religion of the Future_, and, doubtless, an impression is generally prevalent that, with the modification or disappearance of traditional forms of Belief, the fate of Religion itself is involved. The present volume is a plea for a reconsideration of the Religious question, and an inquiry as to the possibility of reconstructing Religion by shifting its basis from inscrutable dogmas to the unquestionable facts of man's moral nature. It is now some fifty years since Emerson wrote that "the progress of Religion is steadily towards its identification with Morals," and foretold "a new Church founded on Moral Science . . . the Church of men to come". It is more than a century since the immortal Immanuel Kant startled Europe by the betrayal of the immensity of the emotion whereby the contemplation of "man's sense of law" filled his soul, shedding henceforth an unfading glory about the ideal of Duty and Virtue, and elevating it in the strictest sense to the supreme height of Religion. What these men--the prophet and philosopher of the New Idealism--thought and did has borne fruit in the foundation in America, Great Britain and Ireland, in France, Germany, Austria and Italy, of Centres or Societies of Ethical Culture which assume as axiomatic that there is, there can be, no Religion but that which makes us one with the Moral Progress of Humanity, by incessant co-operation with "the Power that makes for Righteousness". If Religion be, what its name signifies, the unifying principle of mankind, in no other wise can we be possibly made One with each other and with the Universal Power than by so living as to secure the ends for which worlds and men exist. As the great Ethical prophet of the West expressed the truth: "My Father worketh even until now, and I also work". In such co-operation by moral life we place the very essence of Religion.