Opium is a good remedy judiciously given; one dose (1 grain for an adult) is good in a case of catarrh or cold; successive doses are necessary in a case of peritonitis or enteritis, but this should be given on a physician’s advice. It acts probably by quieting the nerves—by sustaining the faltering action of the heart, and by keeping the inflamed part at rest. Sometimes cold, and sometimes hot applications are made to inflamed parts, and it is said that the sensations of the patient are the best criterion of their usefulness. Except, however, in cases of inflammation of the brain, and perhaps even then, I think that hot applications are the best. When we wish to promote suppuration hot fomentations should be applied. COUNTER IRRITANTS relieve inflammation of the deeper parts by drawing the circulating fluid and the nervous energy to the surface. The milder kinds called rubefacients, produce merely local warmth and redness; these may often be used advantageously. Mustard applied so as to redden the skin is generally useful. VESICANTS, epispastics, or blistering agents are safe appliances but they are distressing, and their use may be deferred until a physician advises them. I have said that the diet should be light while the pulse is hard and full. Afterwards when the pulse is natural, or if it becomes irregular or small, good broths or other nutrients are to be given, milk, cream, and even raw eggs may be administered. In general food should not be pressed upon a patient. OF TOPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR INFLAMMATION. I have mentioned counter irritants and I think it best at this time to advert to all the various topical applications, irritating, soothing and protective, and to give such instructions as I can in regard to them. Counter irritants are frequently applied over or near the seat of the disease, and often also at a remote part to obtain what is called revulsive action. In both instances, however, their action may be revulsive. If applied to the thorax or chest, for example in a case of pneumonia, the cuticle to which it is applied is almost as remote from the lung by the way of the circulation, as is the cuticle of the wrist or ankle. But practically a sinapism may be very useful applied at either place—possibly more useful if applied over the seat of the inflammation, because there is a sympathy between the parts—they may be used very beneficially in domestic medication. In a few succeeding pages I give some directions to the nurse who acts under the doctor’s orders.