Produced by MWS, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) MOTHERHOOD MOTHERHOOD AND THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SEXES BY C. GASQUOINE HARTLEY _Author of “The Truth About Women,” “The Age of Mother-Power,” etc._ [Illustration] NEW YORK DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY 1917 COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, Inc. Dedication TO LESLIE In writing at last this book on Motherhood, which for so many years has had a place in my thoughts, one truth has forced itself upon me; the predominant position of Woman in her natural relation to the race. The mother is the main stream of the racial life. All the hope of the future rests upon this faith in motherhood. To whom, then, but to you, my son, can I dedicate my book? You came to me when I was still seeking out a way in the futility of Individual ends; you reconciled my warring motives and desires; you brought me a new guiding principle. You taught me that the Individual Life is but as a bubble or cluster of foam on the great tide of humanity. I knew that the redemption of Woman rests in the growing knowledge and consciousness of her responsibility to the race. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE PART I INTRODUCTORY I A RETROSPECT: THE POSITION OF WOMEN BEFORE THE GREAT EUROPEAN WAR 9 II THE POSITION OF WOMEN AS AFFECTED BY THE WAR 29 PART II THE MATERNAL INSTINCT IN THE MAKING III INSECT PARENTHOOD 55 IV PARENTHOOD AMONG REPTILES AND FISHES: A CHAPTER ON GOOD FATHERS 77 V PARENTHOOD AMONG BIRDS, WITH FURTHER EXAMPLES OF GOOD FATHERS 97 VI PARENTHOOD AMONG THE HIGHER ANIMALS: THE FIXING OF THE PARENTAL INSTINCT IN THE MOTHER 117 PART III THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY VII THE MOTHER IN THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY 137 PART IV MOTHERHOOD AND THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SEXES VIII THE FAMILY AND THE HOME 161 IX MONOGAMOUS MARRIAGE AND WOMAN 187