[36] P. C. Mitchell, _Childhood of Animals_, pp. 157, 158. See also about the ostrich, _The Truth about Woman_, p. 94. [37] This is done to my knowledge by the male wood-pigeon, missel-thrush, blue-martin, buzzard, stone curlew, curlew, dottrel, sand-piper, common gull, black-coated gull, kittiwake, razorbill, puffin, stormy petrel, great blue heron and black vulture. There are probably good fathers among other species whose names I have missed. [38] Pycraft, _Infancy of Animals_, p. 62. [39] Pycraft, _Infancy of Animals_, pp. 77-78. [40] Mitchell, _Childhood of Animals_, pp. 160-162. Pycraft, _Infancy of Animals_, pp. 63, 68, 70, 71, 75, 76. [41] The scene was witnessed by Miss Turner. I take my account from Mr. Pycraft, who quotes from Miss Turner. [42] Mr. Eliot Howard calls attention to this remarkable conduct in his fascinating book on the _British Warblers_. [43] Mitchell, _Childhood of Animals_, pp. 149-150, 159. [44] For a much fuller account of these bad fathers among birds see _The Truth about Woman_, pp. 90, 104-111, where explanation is attempted. See also _The Position of Woman in Primitive Society_ (American title, _The Age of Mother-Power_), p. 63. [45] J. G. Millais, _Natural History of British Ducks_, p. 8. [46] The habits of the penguins were first noted by the late Dr. Ed. A. Wilson, the distinguished naturalist of the _Discovery_ Expedition, and on his death his work was ably carried on by the Staff Surgeon, Murray Levick. He has come nearer to the life of the penguin than any other discoverer. See _Natural History of the Adélie Penguins_. Also article in _The New Statesman_, April 17, 1915. [47] The lowliest living mammals, the duck-billed mole and the anteater of Australia, still lay eggs, which they retain within their bodies until nearly ready to hatch. [48] This case is recorded by Mr. Chalmers Mitchell in _The Childhood of Animals_, the fascinating book from which I have gained so much assistance. [49] See _The Truth about Woman_, pp. 102-114, also _The Position of Woman in Primitive Society_, the theme of which book follows and develops this theory. [50] Mitchell, _Childhood of Animals_, p. 225. [51] Mitchell, _Childhood of Animals_, pp. 164, 166, 225. [52] Letourneau, _The Evolution of Marriage_, p. 32. [53] Mitchell, _Childhood of Animals_, pp. 170-171. [54] Espinas, _Soc. Animales_, pp. 120 _et seq._ The reader should consult this work on the three stages of domestic societies: “the society conjugal, the society maternal, and the society paternal.” [55] Letourneau, _Evolution of Marriage_, p. 327. [56] In this connection see _The Truth about Woman_ pp. 110-111. [57] Darwin, _Descent of Man_, p. 443. [58] Espinas, _Soc. Animales_. See the introductory and concluding chapters of this admirable book. [59] Havelock Ellis, _Psychology of Sex_, vol. vi. p. 422.