Indians of North America -- Antiquities; Mound-builders -- Ohio; Mounds -- Ohio; Ohio -- Antiquities
IMPLEMENTS.--The people of Ohio have appropriated the implements of
the Mound-builders to a large extent. Almost every homestead in Ohio
is ornamented with some of those ancient implements and relics, yet
tons have been taken away to grace private and public museums in all
parts of this country, and even the museums of Europe and Asia. Among
the implements are to be found spear heads, arrow heads; rimmers,
knives, axes, hatchets, hammers, chisels, pestles, mortars, pottery,
pipes, sculpture, gorgets, tubes, and articles of bone and clothing.
Fragments of coarse, but uniformly spun and woven cloth have been
found, of course not in preservation, but charred and in folds. One
piece, near Middletown, Ohio, was found connected with tassels or
ornaments, and may be seen at the Smithsonian Institute at Washington.
In Anderson township, Ohio, native gold has been found for the first
time. Several small ornaments of copper have been found covered with
thin sheets of gold. Earrings also, made of meteoric iron, have been
found, and a serpent cut out of mica. Some terra-cotta figures also,
which give us an idea of the way the hair was dressed in the days of
the Mound-builders. I cannot here name all the implements and
ornaments that have been discovered. Though most of them are of hard
stone, yet many have been found made of copper.
MINING, ETC.--That these people were miners, is evident from the
prevalence of various mineral fragments and implements. At Mound City,
near Chillicothe, has been found galena, none of which can be found in
Ohio. Obsidian also is found in the shape of instruments, which they
must have transported from the Rocky Mountains. Ancient mining shafts
are found in Minnesota, where the solid rock had been excavated to the
depth of 60 feet. On Isle Royal there are pits 60 feet deep, worked
through nine feet of solid rock, at the bottom of which is a rich vein
of copper, and in the two miles of excavations in the same straight
line have been found the mining implements in great numbers. Such
advancement in mining, sagacity in warfare, industrial pursuits, and
geometric skill, as their works display, prove their great superiority
of race over the modern Indian. Their implements, some of them most
elaborately made, their brick-making and various other ingenious
works, enable us to place them high as an industrial people, while
their sacred enclosures, and altars, and tablets, together with the
numerous evidences of their being an agricultural nation, enable us to
place them far above the modern Indian in the scale of civilization.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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