V CARE AND DISPOSAL OF MANURE, Methods Used by Cities—The Columbus System—Municipal Regulations—Exceptional Regulations 203 VI MUNICIPAL CLEAN-UP CAMPAIGNS, Agencies for Propaganda— Programs—Organization—Procedure—Publicity—Miscellaneous Activities—Methods—Prizes—Fire Prevention and Inspection— Sanitary Inspection—Slogans—Flies and Mosquitoes— Ordinances—Revenue from Waste—Cost—Results 213 TABLES 1. METHODS AND COSTS OF STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES 2. METHODS AND COSTS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN AMERICAN CITIES 3. ASH DISPOSAL BY PRIVATE COLLECTION 4. COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF ASHES AND RUBBISH BY MUNICIPAL FORCES 5. COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF ASHES AND RUBBISH BY CONTRACT 7. METHODS AND COST OF DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS STREET CLEANING PAGE Contract versus Municipal Cleaning 5 Philadelphia, experience of 5 Washington, experience of 5 Elements of Street Cleaning Program 3 Classes of street litter 4 Lack of accurate data 4 Records 4 Methods of Reducing Litter 5 Carelessness of Citizens 6 How public and officials can cooperate 8 Philadelphia’s plan 7 Preventive work 8 Educational campaigns 6 Street Cleaning Factors and Standards 9 Conditions and factor 9 Horse traffic 10–11 Paving and repair policy 11–12–13 Quantity and volume of dirt 11 Schedule of Street Cleaning 14 Amount and character of cleaning affected by kinds of pavement 15 Assignments 16 Block system 14 Organization of employees 15 Unit of work 15 Spring Cleaning 16