Mushroom and Toadstools: How to Distinguish Easily the Differences Between Edible and Poisonous FungiSmith, Worthington George
Science
Mushroom and Toadstools: How to Distinguish Easily the Differences Between Edible and Poisonous Fungi
Smith, Worthington George
Edible mushrooms -- Great Britain; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- Great Britain
The verdigris-green colour of the top of this mushroom is not
permanent, but consists of green slime that soon gets washed off by the
rain, flaked with white scales. The stem is hollow, and the top fleshy.
It generally grows about stumps, is a very handsome fungus, and is
doubtless poisonous.
=Fiery Tube-Mushroom.= Fig. 26.
(_Boletus piperatus._) 597.
Never attains a larger size than the specimen on the sheet; indeed it
is one of the smallest of all the _Boleti_. The taste is highly acrid;
it is therefore looked upon with grave suspicion, and it is probably a
very dangerous plant.
It grows in woods, but is rare.
=Satanical Tube-Mushroom.= Fig. 27.
(_Boletus Satanas._) 606.
The specimen figured I gathered in Crab-tree Wood, near Winchester,
during an architectural excursion to St. Cross. I have only once
seen anything of it elsewhere, though my late friend Mrs. Gulson, of
Eastcliff, has sent it on to me several times from the neighbourhood of
Teignmouth.
Without doubt it is by far the most splendid of all the _Boleti_. The
top is nearly white, very fleshy, and a little viscid; the stem is
firm, exquisitely coloured, and beautifully reticulated; the under
surface is brilliant crimson. It usually attains a large size, grows in
woods, and as soon as broken or bruised, changes to blue.
In all likelihood it is highly poisonous.
=Pungent Milk-Mushroom.= Fig. 28.
(_Lactarius acris._) 505.
As its name indicates, this is a very acrid and dangerous fungus. It
is said to be rare, but I have sometimes known it to be extremely
abundant in the woods near London. When cut or broken, the flesh and
white milk change to a dull-sienna red; this distinguishes it from all
other mushrooms. To observe the change of colour it requires at times a
little patience; for I have known half an hour, or even an hour, elapse
before the change of colour is manifest.
=Bitter Tube-Mushroom.= Fig. 29.
(_Boletus felleus._) 617.
Said to be rare, but generally abundant in Epping Forest. I have found
it in abundance in Nottinghamshire, and know it well; it was the first
Boletus I ever drew, and I was then nearly eating it for _Boletus
edulis_.
The bitter taste of _B. felleus_, the _flesh-coloured tubes_, the
flesh-colour of the top when broken, the reticulated stem, and the pink
spores are the distinguishing marks of this species. It is poisonous.
=False Champignon.= Fig. 30.
(_Marasmius urens._) 550.
The more slender habit, the mealy stem, white downy base, and the
narrower, darker, and crowded gills, distinguish this counterfeit from
the true champignon (fig. 28, Edible Sheet). It sometimes accompanies
the latter plant, but with ordinary care can be detected in a moment.
It grows in _woods_, as well as in pastures and by roadsides.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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